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DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1)|59 Q’s and A’s
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DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1)|59 Q’s and A’s
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DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1)|59 Q’s and A’sName the six classes of nutrients and their major functions - -1. carbs
(provides energy)
2. protein (helps restore muscle fibers and regulate digestion and energy
metabolism)
3. lipids/fats (highest caloric value of energy)
4. water (carries several minerals and transports vital materials to cells &
carries waste away from cells)
5. vitamins (facilitate the release of energy from carbs, fat and protein)
6. minerals (found in teeth and bone and in fluids in the body)
- What is an essential nutrient? - -nutrient obtained from outside the body
(from food) because the body can't make it for itself
- Why is alcohol not considered a nutrient? - -empty kcals; doe snot provide
beneficial nutrients
- Calculate carb/protein/fat from food - -Multiply number of grams by 4/4/9
kcal/g then add results together for food total
- What does DV represent? - -daily value
- What does DRI represent? - -dietary reference intake: standards that
represent amounts of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components &
physical activity that best support health
- What does AI represent? - -adequate intakes: average amount of a
nutrient that a group of healthy people consumes
- What does RDA represent? - -recommended dietary allowances:
recommended intake for everybody
- What does UL represent? - -tolerable upper intake levels: the point at
which too much nutrient intake can become toxic
- What food groups do the "ChooseMyPlate" represent? - -Four sections on a
plate with fruits, veggies, grains and protein with each section varying in size
- How many servings of whole grains are recommended each day? - -3-6oz
or at least half
- Trace the major steps of digestion - -stomach > esophagus > stomach >
small intestine > large intestine > rectum
, - Major fxns of digestion - -1. Mouth - during chewing, teeth crush large
pieces of food into small pieces. Saliva contains carbohydrase that starts to
break down food. Food that is chewed and swallowed is called a bolus.
2. Stomach - retains bolus while in its upper portion. Stomach slowly
transfers pieces to its lower portion adding juices to it adn grinding it to a
semiliquid mass called chyme. Small amounts of chyme get released into
small intestine.
3. Small intestine - where most nutrient absorption takes place
4. Large intestine - withdraws water from chyme for easier excretion
- Where is the major site of nutrient digestion/absorption? - -small intestine
- Which digestive enzyme breaks down carbohydrates? - -carbohydrase
- Which digestive enzyme breaks down proteins? - -protease
- Which digestive enzyme breaks down lipids? - -lipase
- What is the chemical structure of monosaccharides? - -C6 H12 O6;
typically form a single ring; "hexoses" - sugars with six C
- What is the chemical structure of disaccharides? - -pairs of
monosaccharides linked together
- What are three monosaccharides? - -glucose, fructose, galactose
- What are three disaccharides? - -maltose (glucose + glucose)
sucrose (glucose + fructose)
lactose (glucose + galactose)
- What is the chemical structure of polysaccharides? - -composed of many
monosaccharides linked together
- What are three types of polysaccharides? - -glycogen, starches, fiber
- What is chemical structure of fiber? - -"nonstarch polysaccharides" not
digested by human digestive enzymes but some are by GI bacteria;
structural part of plants
- What carbohydrate is the sweetest? - -fructose
- How is carbohydrate stored in the body? - -broken down into glycogen for
immediate energy OR stored in the body as fat
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