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NTR 401 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NTR 401 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NTR 401 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITHVERIFIED ANSWERS
AMA Definition of Nutrition - Answer-The science of food; the nutrients and the
substances therein; their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and
disease; and the process by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports,
utilizes, and excretes food substances.
precision nutrition - Answer-idea that tailors nutrition advice to an individuals metabolic
+ behavioral nutritional profiles
e.g: nutrigenomics: foods that impact the expression of your individual genes
Nutritional Health Status - Answer-1. Desirable Nutrition
2. Under-nutritional
3. Overnutrition
desirable nutrition - Answer-Nutrient intake supports body function + permits storage of
nutrients to be used in times of increased needs.
e.g: adequate liver stores iron, normal blood levels of iron-related compounds, which
leads to normal functioning of red blood cells
Undernutrition - Answer-The condition in which not enough calories are ingested to
maintain health
e.g: the decline in iron compounds in blood leads to reduced ability of the red blood
cells to carry oxygen to body tissues, which causes fatigueness, poor body temp + pale
complexion
Overnutrition - Answer-excess energy or nutrients
e.g: Excess liver stores of iron, damages liver cells
energy yielding nutrients - Answer-1. carbohydrates: Glucose
2. Lipids (Fats + Oils): Linoleic acid (omega-6) + alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3)
3. proteins (amino acids): histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, etc
non-yielding nutrients - Answer-vitamins, minerals, water
Calorie - Answer-Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1
degree C
Carbohydrates - Answer-4 kcal/g
Alcohol - Answer-4 kcal/g
Protein - Answer-4 kcal/g
, fat - Answer-9 kcal/g
Dietary Carbohydrates - Answer-- composed of C,H,O
-simple: mono/disaccharides
e.g: glucose, fructose, galactose
-complex: dietary starches, glycogen, amoles
e.g: dietary fibers: indigestible carbs, often from plant cell wall sources
dietary fat - Answer--composed C,H,O
- lipids insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
- triglyceride: main dietary lipid
glycerol backbone
3 fatty acid tails
- essential: linoleic (omega-6) + alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3)
Dietary Proteins - Answer-- composed of C, H, O, N
- human body proteins
[ structural proteins] e.g: muscle, collagen
[ functional proteins] e.g: enzymes, transporters
- composed of amino acids
[ Twenty common AA] 9 essential
Vitamins - Answer-- wide variety of chemical structures
[ C, N, O, P, S]
- act as enzyme cofactors in chemical reactions
- two groups:
[ fat soluble: A, D, E, K]
[ water soluble: Vit C + B- Vit]
Estimated Average Requirement - Answer-a nutrient intake value estimated to meet the
requirement of half the healthy individuals in an age and sex group.
RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) - Answer-the average daily amount of a
nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy
people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals
AI (Adequate Intake) - Answer-a recommended average daily nutrient intake level
based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group
of healthy people
EER (estimated energy requirement) - Answer-average daily energy intake that meets
needs of a healthy person who is maintaining his/her weight, age, physical activity
pattern
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