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NTR 401 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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NTR 401 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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NTR 401 Exam 1 Questions and Answersindispensable nutrient
(essential) - Answer-A substance that is needed in a metabolic rxn or a tissue structure
that cannot be synthesized in humans
UL stands for what? - Answer-Tolerable Upper Intake Level
What is the definition of UL? - Answer-a nutrient intake above which the risk for harm
begins to
The DRI value that is most likely to be applicable to 100% of the population, i.e. not
overlap the normal distribution is
"Reference height and weight" refers to - Answer-average height and weight of
American men and women, used to provide a representative nutrient intake for a
population for nutrients that should be consumed in quantities based on body weight
ghrelin - Answer-Hormone produced in the stomach that signals hunger
(elicits food seeking behavior)
Leptin - Answer-Hormone produced in the adipose tissue that signals the brain to
reduce food intake
cholecystokinin - Answer-Hormone produced in the small intestine that signals the brain
to cease food intake
Hepcidin - Answer-Hormone produced in the liver that signals the intestine to reduce
iron absorption
Zymogen can be defined as: - Answer-protein that can become an active enzyme
through proteolysis at a location outside the cells where it is synthesized
enterocytes - Answer-Absorptive cells lining the GI tract
ileal break - Answer-The hormonal feedback loop between the last segment of small
intestine and the pyloric sphincter (involving substance GLP-1)
metallothionein - Answer-A protein that binds copper, zinc, and cadmium for storage in
the intestine, liver, or kidney
what is the most common digestive problem associated with carbs - Answer-
hypolactasia: a reduced ability to digest milk sugar
, Phytate (phytic acid) is a component of ________ and _______ that chelates minerals
in the diet and ________ their absorption - Answer-grains and legumes
reduces
Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range - Answer-the % of daily cals from each
energy source that provides a reduced risk for chronic disease
The best way to change the dietary intake of a population for a given nutrient is to what?
- Answer-educate ppl about food choices or modify the nutrient profile of foods most
commonly eaten
Factors likely to be considered important in determining the age and gender categories
for Dietary Reference Intakes - Answer--Reproductive needs change the nutrient
requirements
-Gastric acidity is reduced in elderly ppl
-Absorption of nutrients changes as the gut matures in infancy
factor LEAST likely to be considered important in determining the age and gender
categories for DRI's - Answer--Different racial and ethnic groups may have different
nutrient requirements (least important)
The brain initiates or reduces food seeking behavior by integrating various signals such
as (3) - Answer--Satiety signals from the gut to the hind-brain
-Hedonic signals and habits
-Adiposity signals (leptin)
The brain does not initiate or reduce food seeking behavior because of changes in the -
Answer-pH of the blood
Digestion serves the following processes (3) - Answer-1. reduces needed nutrients to a
size small enough to be absorbed
2. kills potential pathogens
3. degrades potential toxins or anti-nutrients
The process of digestion serves ALL of the following functions EXCEPT: - Answer-
moves food components from the gut into the bloodstream
Absorption serves the following process - Answer-moves food components from the gut
to the bloodstream
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