NTR 401- Exam #2 Questions and
Answers
Cells in the bone that use hydrochloric acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix and
mineral:
a.) osteocyte
b.) osteoclast
c.) osteoblast
d.) Kupffer cells - Answer-b.) osteoclast
Calcitriol is a shorter terms for the chemical structure:
a.) 1,24,25 trihydroxy cholecalciferol
b.) 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
c.) 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
d.) 25 hydryoxy cholecalciferol - Answer-b.) 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
Menaquinone is:
a.) the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in the laboratory.
b.) the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in plants.
c.) the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria.
d.) the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in animal tissue. - Answer-c.) the
chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in bacteria
Each of the following food components reduce the uptake of minerals from the diet
EXCEPT:
a. ) tannins
b.) phytate
c.) oxalic acid
d.) lactose - Answer-d.) lactose
Which of the following types of research was used LEAST in setting the revised RDA for
vitamin D in the 2011 Institute of Medicine report?
a.) The relationship between vitamin D intake and 25-OH vitamin D in serum
b.) The relationship between vitamin D and osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets
c.) The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence
d.) The concentration of 25-OH vitamin D in serum in healthy and chronic disease
states - Answer-c.) The relationship between vitamin D and cancer incidence
Increased dietary fiber can be associated with decreased serum cholesterol levels
because
a.) the phytosterol component of dietary fiber blocks the uptake of dietary cholesterol.
b.) enteropancreatic recirculation of bile salts is reduced by the bile salts binding to the
fiber.
, c.) enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is reduced by the bile salts binding to the
fiber.
d.) enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is increased by the bile salts binding to the
fiber. - Answer-c.) enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is reduced by the bile salts
binding to the fiber.
In contrast to osteoporosis, the diseases osteomalacia and rickets are likely to
a.) be caused by low intake of vitamin D, not calcium, and be characterized by low
density of bone that is normally mineralized.
b.) be caused by lower intake of vitamin D, no calcium, and be characterized by a
normal volume of bone that is more poorly mineralized.
c.) be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a low
density of bone that is normally mineralized.
d.) be caused by low intake of calcium, but not vitamin D, and be characterized by a
normal volume of bone that is more poorly mineralized. - Answer-b.) be caused by lower
intake of vitamin D, no calcium, and be characterized by a normal volume of bone that
is more poorly mineralized.
Blood pH is LEAST likely to be affected or regulated by which of the following factors?
a.) Removing carbon dioxide from the blood through the lungs
b.) Losing excess moisture thought the skin by perspiration
c.) Excreting varying ratios of cations and anions into the urine by the kidneys
d.) Buffering by protein and organic acids in the blood - Answer-b.) Losing excess
moisture thought the skin by perspiration
One of the few examples of excretion of intact proteins from the body is
a. along with bile from the liver
b. by way of respiratory exchange in the lung
c. in the pancreatic fluid from the exocrine pancreas
d. in the urine filtered by the kidney - Answer-c. in the pancreatic fluid from the exocrine
pancreas
Bones and teeth constitute the largest body storage of ALL of the following minerals
EXCEPT:
a. calcium
b. fluoride
c. phosphorus
d. potassium - Answer-d. potassium
The region of bone most commonly fractured in individuals with osteoporosis is:
a. ball (epiphysis) of the femur
b. frontal bone of the skull
c. mandible of the jaw
d. shat (diaphysis) of the femur - Answer-a. ball (epiphysis) of the femur
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