PATHO NR 283/ NR283 EXAM 2 NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
What is the definition of a seizure?
Spontaneous, excessive discharge of neurons (electrical
activity) in the brain, characterized by the fluctuation of
norepinephrine and GABA, and random excitation of neurons
in one or both sides of the brain
What are common causes of seizures?
Inflammation (febrile seizures), hypoxia, bleeding in the brain
,Which of the following describes generalized seizures?
Involve both hemispheres of the brain, including absent
seizures (petit mal) with staring off into space and tonic-clonic
seizures (grand mal) with jerking movements
Which of the following describes focal seizures?
Involve one part of the brain, such as myoclonic seizures with
jerking movements generally lasting a few seconds
What are common seizure triggers, including the concept of an
aura?
Stress, sleep deprivation, flashing lights, and alcohol; Aura:
sense that a seizure is going to happen, such as changes in
smell, taste, visual changes, etc.
,What is status epilepticus and what are its characteristics?
Continuous seizures with increased metabolism of glucose
and oxygen, may be life-threatening and requires Ativan to
stop it
What are the recommended treatment and nursing care
practices for a patient experiencing a seizure?
Ensure patient safety by lowering them to the ground,
monitor/ensure a patent airway by turning the patient on
their side and/or suctioning the airway, never put anything in
their mouth, administer Lorazepam (Ativan) to stop the
seizure, monitor O2 and glucose levels
What is a herniation in the context of increased intracranial
pressure?
, When increased pressure inside the skull pushes the brain
stem through the foramen magnum
What is the consequence of increased intracranial pressure?
The brain is encased in a rigid, nonexpendable skull where
fluids, blood, and CSF are not compressible. Therefore, an
increase in fluid or additional mass causes an increase in
pressure within the brain
What are common causes of increased intracranial pressure
(ICP)?
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