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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials.

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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials. Section 1: Basics of ICS/SCADA 1. Question: What does ICS stand for? o Answer: Industrial Control Systems. 2. Question: What is the primary function of a SCADA system? o Answer: To monitor and control industrial processes in real-time. 3. Question: Name ...

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  • November 3, 2024
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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security
Essentials.
Section 1: Basics of ICS/SCADA

1. Question: What does ICS stand for?

o Answer: Industrial Control Systems.

2. Question: What is the primary function of a SCADA system?

o Answer: To monitor and control industrial processes in real-time.

3. Question: Name three components of a SCADA system.

o Answer: Human-Machine Interface (HMI), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

4. Question: How do SCADA systems typically communicate with field devices?

o Answer: Through communication protocols such as Modbus, DNP3, or OPC.

5. Question: What is the difference between SCADA and DCS (Distributed Control Systems)?

o Answer: SCADA is used for long-distance monitoring and control, while DCS is used
for local control within a plant.

6. Question: What are typical applications of SCADA systems?

o Answer: Water treatment, electricity distribution, oil and gas pipelines, and
manufacturing.

7. Question: Define "supervisory control" in the context of SCADA.

o Answer: The ability to monitor and control field devices remotely through a central
system.

8. Question: What is the role of an HMI in a SCADA system?

o Answer: To provide a user interface for operators to interact with the control
system.

9. Question: What is an RTU?

o Answer: Remote Terminal Unit, a device that collects data from sensors and sends it
to the SCADA system.

10. Question: What communication protocol is commonly used in SCADA systems?

o Answer: Modbus.

11. Question: What is a PLC?

, o Answer: Programmable Logic Controller, an industrial digital computer used to
automate control of machinery.

12. Question: How do PLCs differ from traditional computers?

o Answer: PLCs are designed to operate in harsh industrial environments and have
real-time capabilities.

13. Question: What is the purpose of telemetry in SCADA systems?

o Answer: To transmit data from remote locations to a central system for monitoring
and analysis.

14. Question: Explain the role of sensors in ICS.

o Answer: Sensors collect data from the physical environment, such as temperature,
pressure, or flow rates.

15. Question: What is the significance of control loops in ICS?

o Answer: Control loops regulate processes by continuously measuring and adjusting
variables to maintain desired setpoints.

Section 2: Security Threats and Vulnerabilities

16. Question: What is a common security threat to ICS/SCADA systems?

 Answer: Cyberattacks, such as malware or ransomware.

17. Question: Define “air gap” in the context of ICS security.

 Answer: An air gap is a security measure that isolates a network from other networks,
including the internet, to prevent unauthorized access.

18. Question: What vulnerability is often exploited by attackers in ICS environments?

 Answer: Unpatched software and firmware vulnerabilities.

19. Question: Describe the concept of a "zero-day" vulnerability.

 Answer: A security flaw that is unknown to the vendor and has no available patch, making it
especially dangerous.

20. Question: What is social engineering, and how can it affect ICS security?

 Answer: Social engineering involves manipulating individuals into divulging confidential
information, which can compromise security.

21. Question: How can insider threats impact ICS security?

 Answer: Employees or contractors may intentionally or unintentionally compromise
security, either through negligence or malicious intent.

22. Question: What is the significance of the "Kill Chain" model in cybersecurity?

 Answer: It outlines the stages of a cyber attack, helping defenders to understand and disrupt
the attack process.

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