Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 Musculoskeletal 92 correct and complete answers.
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Course
Pathophysiology
Institution
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 Musculoskeletal 92 correct and complete answers.
Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 Musculoskeletal 92 correct and complete answers.
Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 Musculoskeletal 92 correct and complete answers.
Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 Musculoskeletal 92 correct and co...
Compact bone (cortical bone) - ANSWER-Makes up approx. 85% of the skeleton;
present in every bone; highly organized, solid, and extremely strong--basic structural
unit is Haversian system.
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) - ANSWER-Makes up approx. 15% of the skeleton;
present in every bone;
-less complex and lacks haversian systems
-the lamellae are not arranged in concentric layers but in plates or bar termed
trabeculae that branch and unite with one another to form an irregular meshwork
-spaces b/w the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow.
Periosteum - ANSWER-All bones are covered with a double-layered connective tissue.
Sharpey Fibers - ANSWER-Collagenous fibers that penetrate the bone and help hold or
attach tendons and ligaments to the periosteum.
Diaphysis - ANSWER-Narrow tubular midportion of a long bone.
Metaphysis - ANSWER-Broader neck of a long bone.
Epiphysis - ANSWER-The broad end of a long bone.
Endosteum - ANSWER-Lines the outer surfaces of both types of marrow cavity.
Flat bones - ANSWER-(Ribs or scapulae) 2 plates of compact bone which are roughly
parallel to each other; b/w the compact bone plates is a layer of spongy bone.
Short bones - ANSWER-(Cuboidal bones) (wrist or ankle) often cuboidal in shape;
consist of spongy bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone.
, Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6
Musculoskeletal 92 correct and
complete answers.
Irregular bones - ANSWER-(Vertebrae, mandibles, other facial bones) have various
shapes that include thin and thick segments; thin part of an irregular bone consists of 2
plates of compact bone with spongy bone b/w the plates; thick part consists of spongy
bone surrounded by later of compact bone.
Physeal closure - ANSWER-When the skeleton is mature, the epiphyseal plate is
replaced by bone. It unites the metaphysis and epiphysis. It occurs earlier in girls than
boys.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - ANSWER-a type of disorder that causes degeneration
of skeletal muscle fibers. The most common of the muscular dystrophies; Described by
Duchenne as a pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis associated with large amounts
of fat and connective tissue. Classic Duchenne MD occurs in boys only and has a
history of x-linked inheritance in half of the cases.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) - ANSWER-(Brittle bone disease) a genetic disorder of
connective tissues that affects primarily bone, usually autosomal dominant but can be
autosomal recessive. Major errors in lie in the synthesis of collagen. The gene
responsible for the encoding of collagen easily mutates.
Osteoarthritis - ANSWER-A common age-related disorder of synovial joints; classified
as non-inflammatory joint disease, characterized by local areas of loss and damage of
articular cartilage, new bone formation of joint margins (osteophytosis), subchondral
bone changes, variable degrees of mild synovitis and thickening of the joint capsule
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER-A systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease
associated with swelling and pain in multiple joints. First joint tissue to be affected is the
synovial membrane, which lines the joint cavity.
Rhabdomyolysis manifestations - ANSWER-Visible, dark reddish brown pigmentation of
the urine-(renal threshold for myoglobin is low [0.5mg/gl of urine] so that only 200 g of
muscle need to be damaged to cause visible changes in the urine)-elevated CK (100
times greater than normal) and other serum enzymes--loss of potassium, phosphate,
nucleotides, creatinine, and creatine
-hypocalcemia is early on then hypercalcemia.
Rhabdomyolysis - ANSWER-Can be a life threatening complication of severe muscle
trauma with muscle cell loss
-myoglobinuria is named for the principal manifestation of the condition—excess of
myoglobin (an intracellular muscle protein) in the urine; muscle cell damage release the
myoglobin
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