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BIOL 205 midterm 2 Exam Study Guide Solutions rhynchocoel - ANSWER-a tubular cavity that holds the introverted proboscis of a nemertean worm and is sometimes considered homologous with the coelom how do nemerteans capture prey? - ANSWER-To capture its prey, the ribbon worm has a unique eversib...

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  • November 3, 2024
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BIOL 205 midterm 2 Exam Study Guide

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rhynchocoel - ANSWER✔✔-a tubular cavity that holds the introverted proboscis of a nemertean worm

and is sometimes considered homologous with the coelom


how do nemerteans capture prey? - ANSWER✔✔-To capture its prey, the ribbon worm has a unique

eversible proboscis at the front end of the body that injects a venom into its prey. After injecting it, the

worm waits for the prey to be paralysed before moving in to feed on it.


how might you distinguish a nemertean from a platyhelminth? - ANSWER✔✔-Platyhelminthes:


*acoelomate,


*have ciliated epithelial cells roundworms are pseudocoelomate


*hermaphroditic - mostly sexual, but some asexual reproduction occurs


*often covered in cilia which they use for locomotion and their body size varies greatly from millimetres

to metres




Nematodes:


*longitudinal muscles


*have a cuticle that is shed and many species are microscopic


*gonochoric - they reproduce sexually and generally show sexual dimorphism between genders

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*have a cuticle that is shed and many species are microscopic


what is a radula, how does it work? - ANSWER✔✔-a structure of tiny teeth used for scraping food

particles off a surface and drawing them into the mouth


Shell layers (Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔-nacreous--> innermost layer, makes up most of thickness, made of

calcium carbonate


prismatic--> protein + calcium carbonate layer, creates rings


peristracum--> outermost layer, tough + made of protein


basic anatomy of molluscs - ANSWER✔✔-two basic body regions


=>head-foot: used for locomotion + contains sensory structures


=>radula: tongue covered in teeth


=>odontophore: covered w/ radula teeth


=>foot: covered w/ cilia, locomotion + protective structure


=>visceral mass (mantle): secretes shell, encloses mantle cavity


=>open circulatory system w/ hemocoels (large open spaces)


=>1 or 2 kidneys(metanephridia): ciliated funnel that filters through excretory tubular system


larval forms of molluscs - ANSWER✔✔-Trochophore (planktonic) larvae: characterized by having a band

of cilia that wraps around the body


Veliger (swimming) larvae: ciliated "mouth" structure called velum


Class Caudofoveata and Class Solenogastres (Phylum Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔--worm-like, marine classes


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-previously Aplacophora, but likely polyphyletic


Class Monoplacophora (Phylum Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔--single-shelled, marine, repeated organs


Class Scaphopoda (Phylum Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔--Tusk shells


-Tubular shell open at both ends


-Marine


-Gills absent


-Tentacles & radula present


-Deep ocean deposit feeders


Class Polyplacophora (Phylum Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔--"many plates to bear", chitons


-ancient mollusks-resemble Cambrian ancestors


-8 articulating valves in the shell (has mantle on the outside to secrete shell)


-slow-moving herbivores


-use the radula to scrape algae or bacteria


-all marine


-repeating gills under the margin


Class Gastropoda (Phylum Mollusca) - ANSWER✔✔--biggest class, large diversity


-univalve or a lost or reduced valve


Torsion - ANSWER✔✔--act of twisting; stress due to twisting forces exerted on a body



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