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18: Intrinsic Immunity Exam Study Guide Solutions Host defenses against viral infection - ANSWER-1. Physical and chemical barriers: skin, mucous membranes, tears, acid/basic environments 2. Intrinsic cellular defenses: apoptosis, autophagy, ND10 bodies, RNAi 3. Immune defenses: innate and adap...

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  • November 3, 2024
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KaylinHoffman
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18: Intrinsic Immunity Exam Study Guide

Solutions


Host defenses against viral infection - ANSWER✔✔-1. Physical and chemical barriers: skin, mucous

membranes, tears, acid/basic environments


2. Intrinsic cellular defenses: apoptosis, autophagy, ND10 bodies, RNAi


3. Immune defenses: innate and adaptive immunity


How is apoptosis controlled? - ANSWER✔✔-Apoptosis is controlled by signals that monitor metabolism,

cell cycle progression, and growth regulation


Extrinsic apoptotic pathway - ANSWER✔✔-Cell surface receptor binds a pro-apoptotic ligand


Intrinsic apoptotic pathway - ANSWER✔✔-Responses to internal stress and developmental signals


Caspases - ANSWER✔✔-Cysteine proteases that cleave after aspartate residues


What happens to apoptotic bodies? - ANSWER✔✔-Apoptotic bodies are engulfed by macrophages and

dendritic cells and presented to T cells within lymph nodes


Autophagy - ANSWER✔✔-Cells induced to degrade their contents by specialized compartments related

to lysosomes


Nuclear domain 10 (ND10) bodies - ANSWER✔✔-Nuclear structures containing proteins thought to

prevent transcription of foreign DNA. Many ND10 components are induced by interferon, an important

cytokine of the innate immune system.

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, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024


RNA interference (RNAi) - ANSWER✔✔-Sequence-specific degradation of RNA thought to have arisen in

early in the evolution of eukaryotes to detect and destroy foreign nucleic acids. The initial trigger is

dsRNA.


When are immune defenses triggered? - ANSWER✔✔-If intrinsic cellular defenses fail to contain

incoming viruses


3 steps of immune response - ANSWER✔✔-1. Recognition


2. Amplification


3. Control


The innate immune response consists of... (4) - ANSWER✔✔-1. Cytokines


2. Sentinel cells (macrophages and DCs)


3. Cytolytic cells (NK)


4. Complement


Features of innate immunity - ANSWER✔✔-1. It is the only immune defense available for several days

after virus infection


2. It is the only system that discerns the nature of the invader


3. It is the only system that informs the adaptive response when infection reaches a dangerous threshold


What is the first sign of virus infection? - ANSWER✔✔-Cytokine release


What is the purpose of cytokines? - ANSWER✔✔-Cytokines are secreted from infected cells, and bind to

cell surface receptors on surrounding cells (DCs, macrophages, and uninfected neighbouring cells) to



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