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Metallurgy

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Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.[1] Study of structure determines their structural formula. Study ...

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  • November 3, 2024
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N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa WAY
aaddaas saTO
a PASS
aaddaassaa
1.
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.
What is the difference betweenPminerals and ores?
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Ores w
1 Metal cannot be easily separated Metal can be easily separated
2 All minerals are not ore All ore are minerals

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e
3 e.g Bauxite, China clay
N Neett
e.g Bauxite

lalai
2..i. a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
What are the various steps involved in extraction of pure metals from their ores?
l




et
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
 Concentration of the ore
a
 Extraction of the crude metal.
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. P
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 Refining of the crude metal.
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3.
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What is Flux? What is the role of Limestone in the extraction of Iron from its oxide Fe2O3?
 Material or substance that is added to molten metals in order to bind with easily



lai
removable impurities.

N Neett
 Limestone act as a Flux.
N Neett
l a
l i
4.
a .i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
Which type of ores can be concentrated by froth floatation method and Gravity separation?
a
sa
assaa saa
s ssaa
Give two examples for such ores.

aaddaa aaddaa
 froth flotation method - Sulphide ores. (eg) Galena (PbS), Zinc blende (ZnS)

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 Gravity separation method – Oxide ores (e.g)Haematite( Fe2O3) , Tinstone (SnO2)
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5. Define Gangue
 The non-metallic impurities, rocky materials and siliceous matter present in the
ores are called gangue.
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N Neett Eg : SiO2
N Neett
l a
l i
6.
a .i.
Define Slag
l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
 Slag is a fusible chemical substance formed by the reaction of gangue with a flux.
ddaass
Flux + gangue  slag ddaass
aa aa
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7.
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Explain zone refining process with an example
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 The principle is fractional crystallisation.
 When an impure metal is melted and allowed to solidify, the impurities will prefer to
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remain in the molten region. ie; impurities are more soluble in the melt than in the


N Neettsolid state metal.
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai.i.
 In this process the impure metal is taken in the form of a rod. One end of the rod is
l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
heated using a mobile induction heater, melting the metal on that portion of the rod.
ddaass d a
d s
a s
 When the heater is slowly moved to the other end pure metal crystallises while
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impurities will move on to the adjacent molten zone formed due to the movement of
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the heater.
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 As the heater moves further away, the molten zone containing impurities also moves
along with it.
 This process is repeated several times by moving the heater in the same direction
N Neett N N e e tt
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
again and again to achieve the desired purity level.
l a
l i
a
assaa d d aas saa
Page 1 of 8
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NNe ett N Ne ett
lalai .i.  This process is carried out in an inertlagas
l i
a .atmosphere
i . l a
l i
a
assaa s saa ssaa
to prevent the oxidation of
metals.
aad d aa aa d a
d bya
w w . P
.
 E.g Germanium, Silicon P and Gallium which are used as .
semiconductor
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.P are refined

Describe Mondw
w
ww for refining Nickel.
this process.
process 8.
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Mond process


NN eet t
Ni + 4 CO Ni(CO)
N Neett 4


lalai.i. Ni(CO) Ni + 4 CO
l al i
a .i. l a
l i
a




et
assaa Give the uses aa aa
4
of Borax. 9.
d da ass d a
d s
a s
. P a
identification of coloured
P a metal ions.
flux .in metallurgy. . P
. Paa



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 It is used as aw w
 It actw w
aw
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as preservative
Give the uses of silicones. 10.
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lai
 It is used for low temperature lubrication.

N Neett N Neett
 It is used for making water proofing clothes.

l a
l i
a .i. l l i
a .i.
 It is used as insulating material in electric motor
a l a
l i
a
sa
assaa 11. What is inert pair effect?
aaddaasaa
s
aaddaassaa
In heavier post transition metals, the outer s-electrons (ns) have a tendency to remain

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.
inert and show reluctance to take part in the bonding . P
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da

12. Why fluorine always exhibit an oxidation state of -1?
 Small Size
 It is the most electronegative element.
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N Neett  It can form hydrogen bonds
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 13.
l lai .i.
Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?
a l a
l i
a
assaa s aa saa
 Small Size
ddaa s
 It is the most electronegative element. ddaa s
aa aa
w.




ww. P
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. P
 Due to the minimum value of F-F bond dissociation energy
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What are interhalogen compounds? Give examples. w
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 Each halogen combines with other halogen to from a series of compounds.
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 E.g : Cl2 + F2  2ClF

N Neett 15. Give the uses of Helium.
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i.  Used for filling air balloons.
l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
 It has lowest boiling point hence used in cryogenics.
ddaass d a
d s
a s
 He-O2 Misture is used by diver in place of air oxygen mixture.
.P
Give the uses of Neon.
. Paa . P
. Paa
16.
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 It is used in advertisement as neon sign and the brilliant red glow is caused by
passing electric current through neon gas under low pressure.
17. Give the uses of Argon.
 prevents the oxidation of hot filament.
N Neett N N e e tt
lalai.i.  prolongs the life in filament bulbs
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa d d aas saa
Page 2 of 8
daassaa

Kindly send me your PP a a
questions and answerkeys to us : PP da
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