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Chapter 12: Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness Exam.
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Chapter 12: Humanistic Psychology, PositivePsychology, and the Science of Happiness
Exam.
Heidegger used what term to refer to the time, place, and circumstances into
which a person happens to be born? - -thrown-ness
- Which two individuals believed that a person's ultimate need is to self-
actualize? - -Maslow & Rogers
- What virtue is least important in Eastern traditions? - -courage
- The essential insight of humanistic psychology is that one's conscious
experience of the world is psychologically more important than the world
itself. What is this concept of an individual's immediate, conscious
experience called? - -phenomenology
- What idea about an individual's experience of reality does Kelly's theory of
personal constructs emphasize? - -Kelly believed that your personal
construct system is the framework for your perceptions and thoughts about
the world. This system is determined not by your past experience but by
your (freely chosen) interpretation of past experience.
Individuals build the experience of reality through unique sets of ideas about
the world
- Which of the following philosophers or psychologists are credited with
turning existentialism into a more optimistic view of life? - -Rogers & Maslow
- The three primary sources of happiness (With estimate percentage for
chart) - -Set point 50%
Intentional activity 40%
Circumstances 10%
- Construal - -an individual's particular experience of the world
their unique view of the world & forms the basis of how they live their life,
including goals pursued, obstacles & opportunities perceived
- From an existential perspective, what is the key question with which every
individual is faced? - -What is the nature of existence?
, - When it comes to defining happiness, modern humanistic psychologists
distinguish the two types of well-being as __________, involving maximizing
pleasure and minimizing pain, and __________, involving seeking a deeper
meaning to life. - -hedonic; eudaimonic
- hedonic - -maximize pleasure and minimize pain
- eudaimonic - -seeking a meaningful life
- The psychological state of flow involves? - -tremendous concentration
a focused state of consciousness
a disrupted sense of time
- Positive psychology seeks to study human s_____ rather than _____ and
states that true happiness comes from overcoming important challenges.
This idea is quite similar to Sartre's conception of _______________. - -
strengths; faults; optimistic toughness
- Research suggests that individuals high in what personality attribute are
most likely to experience flow? - -locus of control
- According to research on happiness, three aspects of one's life contribute
to happiness to varying degrees. Place the contributors in order from biggest
to smallest contributor to one's happiness. - -1.genetic makeup
2.writing a letter of gratitude to your significant other
3.being a young adult
The largest contributor to one's happiness is their set point, or their genetic
predisposition toward happiness. The second contributor to one's happiness
is what one does intentionally, such as writing a letter of gratitude. Finally, a
relatively small influence on happiness is objective life circumstances,
including getting married.
- Rogers believed that the goal of psychotherapy is to help the client realize
the difference between their ideal and actual selves, and work toward
becoming a fully functioning person. Which of the following are concerns
when evaluating the apparent benefits of Rogerian psychotherapy? - -The
sole criterion used for determining adjustment could lead us to consider
people with obvious disorders as being well adjusted.
The results may be due to clients' changing their ideal views.
It is not clear that the match between the perceived and ideal selves is an
adequate criterion for psychological adjustment.
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