Exam (elaborations)
Biology 1101 Midterm Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- BIO 1101
- Institution
- Georgia State University
Biology 1101 Midterm Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Biology 1101 Midterm QuestionsAnd Answers Latest Update
Know the definition of Science. ANS✔✔ The process of using observations
and experiments to draw conclusions based on evidence.
What's the "hypothesis"? ANS✔✔ A tentative explanation for a scientific
observation or question.
Describe the criteria of a good "hypothesis". ANS✔✔ One that is testable (can
be supported or rejected by carefully designed experiments or observational
studies) or falsifiable (can be ruled out by data that show that the hypothesis
does not explain the observation).
Know the process of scientific method: how scientists make observations,
develop the hypothesis, design the experiment, collect the data and accept or
reject the hypothesis based on the collected evidence. ANS✔✔ Initial
observations generate questions > Study peer-reviewed scientific literature >
Make scientific hypotheses that are testable or falsifiable > Carry out
controlled experiments > Analyze experimental data > Make conclusions
supported by data
If results support hypothesis: Rigorously test hypothesis with more
experiments > Publish results in peer-reviewed publications
If results do not support hypothesis: Test alternative hypotheses
,Independent variable ANS✔✔ the variable, or factor, being deliberately
changed in the experimental group
Dependent variable ANS✔✔ the measured result of an experiment, analyzed
in both the experimental and the control groups
Control group ANS✔✔ the group in an experiment that experiences the
experimental intervention or manipulation
Experimental group ANS✔✔ the group in an experiment that experiences no
experimental intervention or manipulation
Controlled experiment ANS✔✔ a test in which the person conducting the
experiment only changes one variable at a time; all subjects are treated exactly
the same way except for one deviation
Explain the importance of a controlled experiment. ANS✔✔ The importance
of a controlled experiment is that it allows the researcher to pinpoint the exact
cause or lack of cause that leads to a certain observation or hypothesis. It gives
the researcher complete control over the study over a certain sample size and
period time to allow for a higher chance of statistical significance.
What is the placebo effect? ANS✔✔ A fake treatment given to control groups
to mimic the experience of the experimental groups.
Explain why sample size matters and how it affects the strength in the results
of a scientific study. ANS✔✔ Sample size matters because it effects the
chances of statistical significance, or the likelihood of the result being "real"
, and not just due to chance. A smaller size will have a lower chance of being
definitive for a particular hypothesis or scientific study.
Explain the importance of peer review process in the scientific publication.
ANS✔✔ The peer review process weeds out sloppy research and overstated
claims, and ensures the integrity of the scientific journal and its findings.
What is considered as a scientific theory? ANS✔✔ A scientific theory is one
that is considered undeniable. It has an explanation of the natural world that is
supported by a large body of evidence and has never been disproved.
Explain the differences between everyday's theory and a scientific theory.
ANS✔✔ Everyday theories are typically ones based upon personal
experience and knowledge, while scientific theory is important hypotheses
supported by thousands of scientific experiments.
Know all the common traits shared by living organisms (Infographic 2.1).
ANS✔✔ - Growth—unicellular, increase in cell size before reproduction;
multicellular, an increase in an organism's size as the number of cells increases
- Reproduction—the process of producing new organisms; offspring are
similar, but not identical, to parents in general structure, function, and
properties
- Homeostasis—organisms maintain a stable internal environment, even when
external environment changes
- Sense and Respond to Stimuli
- Obtain and Use Energy—all living organisms require energy to power
activities; chemical reactions convert food or sunlight into usable forms; sum
total is metabolism
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