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CHEM 219 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHEM 219 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHEM 219 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSThe speed of a wave (c) is the product of its frequency (ν) and wavelength (λ). -
Answers- E = hv = h x c / λ
nm to m
or
m to nm - Answers- 1 m / 10^9 nm
or
10^9 nm / 1 m
What is the maximum number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n = 3, ℓ
= 2, mℓ = -2? - Answers- The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in a
given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms). This set of
quantum numbers contains three quantum numbers, with the only missing quantum
number being ms, which can take on the values +½ and -½. Therefore, this set of three
quantum numbers represents a single atomic orbital, which can contain two unique
electrons: one with ms = +½ and one with ms = -½.
An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to - Answers- An exothermic reaction
transfers energy from the system to the surroundings. That tells us the surroundings will
get warmer.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________. - Answers- A theory or model is a well
established explanation of a phenomenon based on a series of facts and a body of
evidence.
What is the definition of a natural law? - Answers- A scientific law summarizes an
observable behavior.
The skeletal structure of a complex organic molecule is shown below. Determine the
number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in the molecule. - Answers- Remember a single
bond = 1 σ; a double bond = 1 σ + 1 π; a triple bond = 1 σ + 2 π. This molecule
contains 6 double bonds, so there are 6σ and 6π. There are 28 single bonds, so there
are 28 σ. This is a total 34σ and 6π.
strontium phosphate - Answers- Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which of the following statements is true? - Answers- One driving force in the
vaporization of a liquid is an increase in disorder (entropy). Gas molecules are more
disordered than liquid molecules. Adding a non-volatile solute to a liquid also increases
the disorder of the liquid molecules, so the difference in disorder between the liquid and
gas phases is not as great as with a pure substance. Therefore the tendency to
vaporize is not as great for the solution as it is for the pure liquid, resulting in a lower
vapor pressure for the solution.
Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest boiling point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 1.0 m HF
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - Answers- The dissolved solute will raise the boiling point. The more
"things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the higher the boiling point will be. The
CaCl₂ will break up into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions and there will be a concentration
, of 3.0 m of "things" in solution. The other choices will have fewer "things" in solution and
will raise the boiling point less.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the highest freezing point?
A) 1.0 m NaNO3
B) 2.0 m CH3OH
C) 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆
D) 1.0 m CaCl2 - Answers- The dissolved solute will lower the freezing point. The more
"things" that are dissolved (ions or molecules), the lower the freezing point will be. Since
C₆H₁₂O₆ is a molecule, it will not break apart and there will only be a concentration of
1.0 m of molecules in solution. It will lower the freezing point less than all the other
choices. There will be fewer "things" in solution and this will lower the freezing point less
than the other choices.
isoelectronic ions - Answers- ions containing the same number of electrons
Which of the following bonds is the most polar? - Answers- Elements that are located
far away from each other on the periodic table have larger electronegativity differences
and therefore make more polar bonds. Of all the element pairs listed, Rb and Br are the
farthest apart.
Three blocks of the same shape and size are placed in front of you. Block A has a mass
of 3.0 g, block B is 5.0 g, and block C is 10.0 g. Which has the higher density? -
Answers- Density is the ratio of mass to volume. Since the volume is constant between
all the blocks, then the block with the highest mass will have the highest density.
Density equation - Answers- mass/volume
dRT = PM
The solubility of a gas in a liquid generally
A) increases with increasing temperature.
B) increases with decreasing temperature.
C) increases with increasing pressure.
D) both (a) and (c).
E) both (b) and (c). - Answers- E) both (b) and (c)
Which of the following properties, in general, increase as we move left to right across a
period in the periodic table?
1. atomic radius
2. ionization energy
3. metallic character
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2 only
E) 2 and 3 only - Answers- B) 2 only
All the following statements concerning a sample of oxygen gas at 1.00 atm pressure
are true EXCEPT
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