Phrenology (1808) - answer-focused on the measurement of the human skull based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind and that certain brain areas have localized specific functions or modules (personality organs)
Cytoarchitectonics (1867) - answer-one of the ways to parse the bra...
,NEURO 2201 STUDY GUIDE
Phrenology (1808) - answer-focused on the measurement of the human skull based
on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind and that certain brain areas
have localized specific functions or modules (personality organs)
Cytoarchitectonics (1867) - answer-one of the ways to parse the brain by obtaining
sections of the brain and staining them with chemical agents that reveal how
neurons are "stacked" into layers separated into areas
Broadmann's areas 41 and 42 - answer-in the temporal lobe related to hearing
Broadmann's areas 45 and 44 - answer-overlap with broca's area for language in
humans
Broadmann's areas 1 and 2 and 3 - answer-in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal
lobe; the somatosensory region
Broadmann's areas 17 and 18 - answer-in the occipital lobe; the primary visual
areas
Wilder penfield (functional neuroanatomy) (1951/54) - answer-treated patients with
severe epilepsy by destroying brain regions (nerve cells) where the seizures
originated and created maps of sensory and motor cortices of the brain
Homunculus (organization of the motor cortex) - answer-representation of the
human body in the sensory of motor cortex; also any topographical representation
of the body by a neural area
Topographic organization (organization of the motor cortex) - answer-neural spatial
representation of the body or areas of the sensory world perceived by a sensory
organ; parts of motor cortex are disproportionate for different areas
Hippocampus (subcortical structures) - answer-declarative memory; episodic and
semantic memory
, Hm - answer-removed medial temporal lobe wiping out his hippocampus bilaterally
so he could never form a new memory
Phinease gage - answer-destroyed his frontal lobe failing the wisconsin card sorting
task
Basal ganglia - answer-a collection of nuclei found on both sides of the thalamus
Structures that make up the basal ganglia - answer-caudate nucleus, putamen,
globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra (pars compacta, pars
reticulata)
Subjective feelings (ex fear) - answer-amygdala and parts of frontal lobes
Cognitions (ex thoughts about the experience) - answer-cerebral cortex
Toxoplasma gondii - answer-parasite that persists in the brain and block innate
aversion of rats for cat urin producing an attraction to the pheromone
Hypothalamus - answer-produces goal directed behaviour when stimulated
Aphagia (hypothalamus ) - answer-failure to eat; due to unwillingness or motor
difficulties, observed following lesions to the lateral hypothalamus
Hyperphagia (hypothalamus) - answer-disorder in which an animal overeats leading
to weight gain; observed following lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus or
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Hemorrhagic stroke - answer-weakened/diseased blood vessels rupture and blood
leaks into brain tissue
Ischemic stroke - answer-blood clots stop the flow of blood to an area of the brain
When broca's aphasia is damaged - answer-difficulty saying words
When wernicke's aphasia is damaged - answer-difficulty understanding language
How many neurons inhuman nervous system - answer-100 billion
Macrocircuits - answer-involve a population of neurons that project from one brain
region to another (frontal-amygdala)
Microcircuits - answer-group of neurons that reflect local cell-cell interaction within
a particular brain region (visual cortex)
Classifications of neurons - answer-shape, neurochemical characteristics, location,
connectivity
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