Exam (elaborations)
ARDMS BREAST REGISTRY EXAM REVIEW UPDATE (WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ARDMS BREAST REGISTRYREVIEWEXAM 2024-2025
UPDATE (WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the breast?
Lateral Thoracic Artery and the Internal Mammary Artery (LTA, IMA)
Arises from the axillary
Courses inferior and lateral
along pectoralis major m.
Lateral thoracic artery
Which artery does the lateral thoracic artery come off of? Which part of the
breast does it supply?
Axillary, Lateral Breast
What is the other name for the internal mammary artery?
Internal thoracic artery
Which artery does the internal mammary arise off of?
Subclavian artery
Which part of the breast does the internal mammary artery supply?
Medial breast. It courses lateral to the sternum and inferiorly behind the upper
ribs.
Which artery is oHen used for CABG procedures?
Internal mammary artery
What are the two secondary sources of blood supply to the breast Jssues?
Thoracoacromial artery (superior)
Intercostal artery (Inferior)
,The ______________ veins allow venous commuicaJon between the right and
leH breasts. They may be a route of cancer metastasizing to the opposite
breast.
Superficial
The superficial veins are located just deep to the _________ __________.
Superficial fascia
What are the major deep veins of the breast? (5)
Internal mammary vein
Lateral thoracic vein
Axillary vein
Subclavian vein
Intercostal veins
What is a potenJal venous route for metastasis to the bone from breast
cancer?
The intercostal veins communicate with the vertebral veins
Both ________ & ___________ venous systems communicate with the breast
parenchyma
Superficial, deep
The lymphaJc vessels of the breast closely follow the routes of the _________
and ________ ___________ systems.
Superficial and deep venous
Breast cancer most frequently spreads by __________ route.
Hematogenous (blood stream)
Flow direcJon in the deep lymph system of the breast is (toward/away from)
the areola.
Toward
,From the areola, the lymphaJc system travels in the ________ lymphaJc
vessels (superficial system).
Subdermal
What percentage of lymphaJc drainage is to the axilla?
75%
What are the six groups of the Axillary Lymph Node Chain?****
1. External Mammary Group - along lateral thoracic vessels
2. Scapular Group - run with the subcapsular vessels
3. Axillary Group - run with the axillary vessels
4. Central group - run with the axillary vessels
5. Subclavicular group - run with the subclavian vessels
****6. Interpectoral (Ro`er's) nodes - found between pectoralis major and
minor muscles
The other 25% of lymphaJc drainage from the breast includes 5 groups....
1. Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes
2. Inercostal lymph nodes
3. Flow to the opposite breast
4. Supraclavicular lymph nodes
5. DiaphragmaJc lymph nodes - allow drainage to the abdomen
As a lymph node becomes cancerous, it generally __________ and definiJon of
the ________ is lost.
Enlarges, hilum
Nerves that supply the breast (7)
1. Long thoracic nerve
2. Thoracodorsal nerve
3. Thoracic intercostal nerves
4. 3rd and 4th branch of the Cervical plexus
, 5. Circumflex nerve
6. Subcapsular nerves
7. Anterior Thoracic nerves
Hormone that sJmulates the changes of the stromal Jssues of the breast.
Estrogen
Hormone that sJmulates growth of the glandular Jssue of the breasts. (tdlus)
Progesterone
What is a common Jme in the menstrual cycle for breast discomfort?
Premenstrual
Hormones of pregnancy which affect the breast Jssues
Estrogen
Progesterone
Lactogen
ProlacJn
hcg
Late in pregnancy the _______ ________ increase in size.
LacJferous ducts
Shortly aHer birth what hormones diminish and what hormone dominates?
Estrogen and progesterone diminish
ProlacJn dominates
The lobules of the breast ________ in the peri-menopausal female.
Involute
The most common causes of an increase in breast parenchyma or glandular
Jssue with age....
Pregnancy/LactaJon
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Significant weight loss
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