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NURS 5461 INFECTIOUS DISEASE—PART II EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ $10.49   Add to cart

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NURS 5461 INFECTIOUS DISEASE—PART II EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++

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NURS 5461 INFECTIOUS DISEASE—PART II EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ Human Influenza appears in antigen types A and B; mutations produce new strains each flu season, In the elderly, influenza often leads to pneumonia [5th leading cause of death in older ...

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  • November 2, 2024
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NURS 5461 INFECTIOUS DISEASE—PART II EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE

SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++


Human Influenza

appears in antigen types A and B; mutations produce new strains each flu season, In

the elderly, influenza often leads to pneumonia [5th leading cause of death in older

population]- 85% of those vaccinated develop immunity

Influenza: Prevention and Screening

85% of those vaccinated develop immunity. Amantadine [Symmetrel] or Rimantadine

[Flumadine] given after exposure to influenza A • Oseltamivir [Tamiflu] or Zanamivir

[Relenza] given after exposure to influenza B

antigenic drift

Human influenza H1 and H3 continuously

undergo variability or "antigenic drift"

- This allows new variants to evade pre-existing

humoral immunity and cause interpandemic

outbreaks

"Antigenic shift"

recombination of RNA, thus resulting in the generation of a "reassorted" virus with novel

surface proteins to which there is little population immunity

, Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza H5N1 -These viruses have >50% mortality in humans - In addition to

poultry and humans, H5N1 appears to have extended its host range to domestic cats,

where it is 100% fatal

others (- H9N2 - H7N7)

Clinical Features

In patients 12 years and older - Avian H5N1 • Fever; upper respiratory symptoms;

pneumonia; GI symptoms [diarrhea]; elevated serum transferases; pancytopenia

Avian H7N7 • Preference for conjunctival epithelium

Diagnosis

Most patients with H5N1 give a history of recent exposure to dead or ill poultry • Do a

comprehensive travel and epidemiological history

Hemagglutination RT-PCR [reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction] assay or •

Viral culture of aspirated secretions obtained within 72 hours of onset of symptoms -

Nasopharyngeal aspirate [use appropriate bioprecautions]

Treatment

• H5N1 viruses are resistant to Amantadine and Rimantadine, but susceptible to

Neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir

Common/life threatening infections in the elderly

- Bacterial Pneumonia and Influenza - Urinary Tract Infection [most common] - Skin

Infections [cellulitis] - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] -

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus [VRE] - Sepsis d/t UTI

Other important infections in the elderly

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