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NURS 5461 CARDIOMYOPATHY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
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NURS 5461 CARDIOMYOPATHY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ CARDIOMYOPATHIES A large group of diseases of the myocardium that result in mechanical and/or electrical pump dysfunction WHO Classification Dilated • Enlarged • Systolic dysfunction 2. Hypertrophic •...

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  • November 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NURS 5461 CARDIOMYOPATHY EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++


CARDIOMYOPATHIES

A large group of diseases of the myocardium that result in mechanical and/or electrical

pump dysfunction

WHO Classification

Dilated • Enlarged • Systolic dysfunction 2. Hypertrophic • Thickened • Diastolic

dysfunction 3. Restrictive • Diastolic dysfunction 4. Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia •

Fibrofatty replacement 5. Unclassified • Fibroelastosis • LV noncompaction

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY (DCM)

Dilation and impaired contraction of ventricles • Reduced systolic function with or

without heart failure • Characterized by myocyte damage • *Starts in left ventricle then

often spreads to right ventricle, then to atria • Can lead to valvular problems and

arrhythmias

DCM - known by many other names

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Congestive cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Familial

dilated cardiomyopathy Idiopathic cardiomyopathy Ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy Primary cardiomyopathy

DCM

characterized by ventricular enlargement and contractile dysfunction (Cant

squeeze=blood back up) with normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. • The right

, ventricle may also be dilated and dysfunctional. • Dilated cardiomyopathy is the third

most common cause of heart failure and the most frequent reason for heart

transplantation. Accounts for 10,000 death annually. • 1 in 9 deaths in US, heart failure

is mentioned on death certificate

DCM SIGNS & SXS

Indicator of the severity • Fatigue • Dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath •

Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea • Increasing edema, weight, or abdominal

girth

DCM PE FINDINGS

• signs of heart failure and volume overload • Tachypnea • Tachycardia • Hypertension •

Signs of hypoxia (eg, cyanosis, clubbing) • Jugular venous distension (JVD) •

Pulmonary edema (crackles and/or wheezes) • S 3 gallop • Enlarged liver • Peripheral

edema

DCM WORKUP

• Complete blood count • Metabolic panel • Thyroid function tests • Cardiac biomarkers •

B-type natriuretic peptide assay • Chest radiography • Echocardiography • Cardiac

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Electrocardiography (ECG) • Endomyocardial

Biopsy if cannot find cause

DCM MANAGEMENT

• Essentially the same as treatment of chronic heart failure • Angiotensin-converting

enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ('pril)• Angiotensin II receptor blockers ('tan) (ARBs) • Beta-

blockers • Aldosterone antagonists Eplerenone)• Cardiac glycosides • Diuretics •

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