Test Bank For
Mason Policy & Politics In Nursing And Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Tertiary Prevention?
a. Vaccination For Rotavirus For Children Younger Than The Age Of 1 Year
b. Surgical Amputation Of An Extremity With Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)
c. Screening For Gestational Diabetes After 24 Weeks Of Pregnancy
d. Sexual Education Program In Elementary Schools
e. Increasing Taxes For Buying
Cigarettes Ans: B
Surgical Amputation Of An Extremity With Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer) Is An Example In
Which When A Disease Is Present The Treatment (Amputation) Is Done To Reduce The
Impact Of Disease By Preventing The Tumor From Dissemination. Vaccination For
Rotavirus For Children Younger Than The Age Of 1 Year, Sexual Education Program In
Elementary Schools, And Increasing Taxes For Buying Cigarettes Represent Examples Of
Primary Prevention. Screening For Gestational Diabetes After 24 Weeks Of Pregnancy Is An
Example Of Secondary Prevention.
2. This Historic Character Observed That Childbed Fever Mortality Was More Common
Among Women Treated By Physicians And Medical Students Compared With Women
Treated By Midwives. Based On His Observations, He Implemented A Hand Wash Policy
That Resulted In A Decrease In Mortality. Name The Character That We Are Talking
About.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
Ans: E
Ignaz Semmelweis Identified That Medical Students And Physicians Transmitted The
Disease By Not Washing Their Hands After Examining Bodies At Autopsies And
Conducting Multiple Examinations In The Clinic.
3. Thanks To The Contributions Of Edward Jenner, The Following Disease Was
Eradicated Later By Efforts Organized By D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Ans: B
Smallpox Was Eradicated In 1980. Edward Jenner Vaccinated James Phipps In 1796
Against Smallpox. Almost 200 Years Later, The World Health Organization (Who)
Commissioned
D.A. Henderson To Lead The Efforts To Eradicate The Disease.
4. Over The Past Century, A Marked Decline In The Mortality Rates Of Many Infectious
Diseases Has Been Observed. Which Of The Following Is The Most Likely Reason For The
Observed Decline In Mortality Rates From Common Infectious Diseases?
a. Development Of Penicillin
b. Development Of Insulin
c. Development Of Vaccines
d. Improvement In Social Conditions
e. Worse Sanitation And Unsafe
Water Ans: D
Although Medical Treatments Potentially Helped In The Decrease Of Infectious Diseases,
The Advancement In Social Conditions Played A Major Role. These Improvements
Include Better Sanitation, Safe Disposal Of Waste, Better Nutrition, And Improvement In
Housing Conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics Of Disease Transmission
Test Bank Multiple
Choice
1. Which Term Most Accurately Describes The Following Definition? “The Occurrence In
A Community Or Region Of Cases Of An Illness, Specific Health-Related Behavior, Or
Other Health- Related Events Clearly In Excess Of Normal Expectancy.” [Porta M, Ed. A
Dictionary Of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack Rate
e. Incubation Period
Ans: B
An Epidemic Is The Occurrence Of Health-Related Events In A Community Or Region, In
Clear Excess Of Normal Expectation. Endemic Is Not True Because It Is Defined As The
Constant Occurrence Of A Disease, Disorder, Or Noxious Infectious Agent In A
Geographic Area Or Population Group. Pandemic Is Not True Because It Is Defined As An
Epidemic Occurring Over A Very Wide Area, Crossing International Boundaries, And
,Usually Affecting A Large Number Of
People. Attack Rate Is Not True Because It Is Defined As Number Of People At Risk In
Whom A Certain Illness Develops Over Total Number Of People At Risk. Incubation Period
Is Not True Because It Is The Interval From Receipt Of Infection To The Time Of Onset Of
Clinical Illness (The Onset Of Recognizable Symptoms).
2. What Is The Most Accurate Definition Of The Incubation Period (Of An Infectious Disease)?
a. The Time Of Onset Of Clinical Illness Or The Onset Of Recognizable Symptoms
b. The Interval From Receipt Of Infection To The Time Of Onset Of Clinical Illness (The
Onset Of Recognizable Symptoms)
c. The Time Of Invasion By An Infectious Agent
d. The Time Between Initiation Of Infection And First Shedding Or Excretion Of The Agent
e. The Period Between Exposure And The Onset Of
Infectiousness Ans: B
The Incubation Period Is Defined As The Interval From Receipt Of Infection To The Time
Of Onset Of Clinical Illness (The Onset Of Recognizable Symptoms); In Other Words, The
Time Between The Moment Of Developing Symptoms And The Moment Of Invasion By An
Infectious Agent. “The Time Of Onset Of Clinical Illness Or The Onset Of Recognizable
Symptoms” Is Not True As It Corresponds To “Time Of Onset.” “The Time Of Invasion By
An Infectious Agent” Is Not True As It Corresponds To “Time Of Infection.” “The Time
Between Initiation Of Infection And First Shedding Or Excretion Of The Agent” And “The
Period Between Exposure And The Onset Of Infectiousness” Are Not True As They
Correspond To The Latent Period. (The Latent Period Is Focusing On The Onset Of
Infectiousness, But The Incubation Period Is Focusing On The Onset Of The Symptom.)
3. There Was A Food Poisoning Outbreak On April 1, 2018, At The City Z Food Safety
Conference. There Were 1,000 People Registered For The Conference With Luncheon, 100
Volunteers To Host Attendees, And 50 People Who Served The Luncheon During The
Conference. Except For 50 People Who Served The Food, All Of The Participants And
Volunteers Ate The Food From The Luncheon At The Conference On April 1, 2018. Based
Only On The Information Given In This Question, How Many People Are At Risk In This
Food Poisoning Outbreak?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
Ans: B
People At Risk In This Outbreak Are People Who Were Exposed To The Food At The
Conference. Even Though 1,150 People Were At The Conference, 50 People Who Served
The Food Did Not Eat The Food. Therefore We Have To Exclude Those 50 People.
4. There Was A Food Poisoning Outbreak On April 1, 2018, At The City Z Food Safety
Conference. There Were 1,000 People Registered For The Conference With Luncheon, 100
Volunteers To Host Attendees, And 50 People Who Served The Luncheon During The
Conference. Except For 50 People Who Served The Food, All Of The Participants And
, Volunteers Ate The Food
From The Luncheon At The Conference On April 1, 2018. After An Initial Outbreak Of
Food Poisoning Is Reported, An Epidemiologist Sends Surveys To All People At Risk To
Investigate The Cause. However, Only 900 People Among Those At Risk Answer The
Survey. After Analysis Of 900 Survey Results, The Epidemiologist Concludes That The
Most Suspected Foods In The Outbreak Are Pepperoni Pizza And Meatball Spaghetti. What
Is The Overall Attack Rate For Those Who Ate Meatball Spaghetti? Use The Following
Table To Answer The Question.
Summary Of Survey Responses
Number Of People Who Number Of People Who Ate
Developed The Case The Food
Definition Symptoms
Pepperoni Pizza Only 113 275
Meatball Spaghetti Only 62 375
Both Pepperoni Pizza And 57 150
Meatball Spaghetti
Neither Of Pepperoni Pizza Or 10 100
Meatball Spaghetti
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
Ans: E
To Calculate The Food-Specific Attack Rate, We Need To Define How Many People Are
Exposed To The Specific Food And How Many People Develop The Symptoms In The Case
Definition. In This Question, We Are Asking About “Overall” Attack Rate In Those People
Who Ate Meatball Spaghetti, So We Have To Add “Meatball Spaghetti Only” And “Both
Pepperoni Pizza And Meatball Spaghetti” To Get The Overall Rate. Which Is 525 (375 Plus
150), Who Are At Risk Of Exposure, And 119 (62 Plus 57), Who Developed The
Symptoms, Corresponding To 23% Of Attack Rate.
5. There Was A Food Poisoning Outbreak On April 1, 2018, At The City Z Food Safety
Conference. There Were 1,000 People Registered For The Conference With Luncheon, 100
Volunteers To Host Attendees, And 50 People Who Served The Luncheon During The
Conference. Except For 50 People Who Served The Food, All Of The Participants And
Volunteers Ate The Food From The Luncheon At The Conference On April 1, 2018. After
An Initial Outbreak Of Food Poisoning Is Reported, An Epidemiologist Sends Surveys To
All People At Risk To Investigate The Cause. However, Only 900 People Among Those At
Risk Answer The Survey. After Analysis Of 900 Survey Results, The Epidemiologist
Concludes That The Most Suspected Foods In The Outbreak Are Pepperoni Pizza And
Meatball Spaghetti. What Is The Most Suspected Food For Food Poisoning After Cross-
Tabulation? Use The Following Table To Answer The Question. Summary Of Survey
Responses
