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SPCE 611 Exam 3 a questions and answers certified 2024
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SPCE 611 Exam 3 a questions and answers certified 2024
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SPCE 611 Exam 3positive reinforcement - correct answer ✔a response is followed immediately
by the presentation of a stimulus change that increases the future occurrence
of similar responses
positive reinforcer - correct answer ✔the stimulus that is presented as a
consequence and that is responsible for the subsequent increase in
responding
(T/F) A response-to-reinforcement delay of as little as 1 second will be less
effective than a reinforcer delivered immediately - correct answer ✔True
(T/F) Reinforcement is a circular concept - correct answer ✔False
(T/F) A reinforcer does not (and cannot) affect the response that it follows -
correct answer ✔True
(reinforcer affects the behavior/operant that it follows)
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - correct answer ✔an antecedent stimulus that
evokes behavior because it has been correlated with the availability of
reinforcement
discriminated operant - correct answer ✔3-term contingency=
SD --> R --> SR+
(T/F) the momentary effectiveness of any stimulus change as reinforcement
depends on an existing level of motivation with respect to that stimulus
change - correct answer ✔True
,establishing operation (EO) - correct answer ✔increases the current
effectiveness of a reinforcer
Abolishing operation (AO) - correct answer ✔decreases the current
effectiveness of a reinforcer
reinforcement of a discriminated operant - correct answer ✔4-term
contingency=
EO --> SD --> R --> SR+
automaticity of reinforcement - correct answer ✔a person does not have to
understand or verbalize the relation between his/her actions and a reinforcing
consequence, or even be aware that a consequence has occurred, for
reinforcement to happen
(T/F) Reinforcement strengthens any class of behavior (operant) that
immediately precedes it - correct answer ✔true
Automatic Reinforcement - correct answer ✔Behavior - stimulus change
relation that occurs without the presentation of consequences by other people
(assumed when a behavior persists in the absence of any known reinforcer)
Unconditioned Reinforcer - correct answer ✔(primary reinforcer) A stimulus
change that functions as reinforcement even though the learner has no
learning history with it.
Examples: food, water, oxygen, warmth, sexual stimulation
, conditioned reinforcer - correct answer ✔(secondary reinforcer) a previously
neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a
reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more
unconditioned/conditioned reinforcers
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer - correct answer ✔A conditioned
reinforcer that, as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers,
does not depend on an EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its
effectiveness.
Physical properties of reinforcers - correct answer ✔edible, sensory,
tangible, activity, or social reinforcer
Premack Principle - correct answer ✔A principle that states that making the
opportunity to engage in a behavior that occurs at a relatively high free
operant (baseline) rate contingent on the occurrence of low-frequency
behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
response deprivation hypothesis - correct answer ✔A model for predicting
whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for
engaging in another behavior.
Restricting access to a behavior presumably acts as a form of deprivation that
serves as an EO, thus making the opportunity to engage in the restricted
behavior an effective form of reinforcement.
stimulus preference assessment - correct answer ✔A variety of procedures
used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference
values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those
preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value as reinforcers.
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