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SPCE 611 ,, questions and answers already passed 2024
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SPCE 611 ,, questions and answers already passed 2024
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SPCE 611ABA - correct answer ✔science devoted to understanding and improvement
of human behavior
- focus on objectively defined behavior of social significance
-scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably
influence socially significant behavior and for developing technology of
behavior change
- 6 components: 1. guided by attitudes and methods of scientific inquiry
2. all behavior change procedures are described and implemented in a
systematic, technological manner
3. not any means of changing behavior qualifies as ABA
4. focus is socially significant behavior
5and 6: improvement and understanding
science - correct answer ✔systematic approach for seeking and organizing
knowledge about the natural world that relies of determinism as its
fundamental assumption, empiricism as its prime directive, experimentation as
its basic strategy, replication as its necessary requirement for believability,
parsimony as its conservative value, and philosophic doubt as its guiding
conscience
not one universally accepted definition
-goal: achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena of the study
(socially important behaviors)
-3 levels of understanding: description, prediction, control
description - correct answer ✔collection of facts about observed events that
can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other
known facts
,prediction - correct answer ✔repeated observations reveal that two events
consistently covary with each other
-presence of one event, the other occurs (or doesn't) with some specified
probability
-correlation: systematic covariation between two events
control - correct answer ✔-functional relation: exists when a well-controlled
experiment revelas txt a specific change in one event (dependent variable)can
reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another recent (independent
variable), and the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the
result of other extra factors (confounding)
attitudes of science - correct answer ✔-determinism, empiricism,
experimentation, replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt
determinism - correct answer ✔scientist presume that the universe, or at
least the part of it they intend to probe with the methods of science, is a lawful
and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as a realist of other events
-events don't just occur, they are somehow related in systematic ways to other
factors (antonym- accidentalism)
-scientist first assumes lawfulness and then proceeds to look for lawful
relations
empiricism - correct answer ✔the practice of objective observation of the
phenomena of interest
-demands objective observation based on thorough description, systematic
and repeated measurement, and precise qualification of the phenomena of
interest
experimentation - correct answer ✔carefully conducted comparison of some
measure of the phenomenon of interest (depended variable) under two or
, more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (independent)
differs from one condition to another
basic strategy of most sciences
-factors suspected of having causal status are systematically controlled and
manipulated while the effects on the event under the study are carefully
observed
replication - correct answer ✔repeating of experiments
-primary method with which scientists determine the reliability and usefulness
of their findings and discover their mistakes
-primary reason science is self-correcting enterprise that eventually gets it
right
parsimony - correct answer ✔requieres that all simple, logical explanations
for the phenomenon under investigation be rules out, experimentally or
conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
- help scientist fit their findings wishing the fields existing knowledge base
- given a choice between two compering and compelling explanations for the
same phenomenon, one should shave off extraneous variables and choose
the simplest explanation, the one that requires the fewest assumptions
philosophic doubt - correct answer ✔needs scientist to continually question
the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact
- scientific knowledge always viewed as tentative
- require scientific evidence before implementing a new practice and evaluate
continually the effectiveness once the practice is implemented
three major branches of behavioral analyst - correct answer ✔behaviorism:
philosophy of the science of behavior
basic research: provide of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
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