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AG-ACNP Boards – Endocrine: Questions And Answers $15.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

AG-ACNP Boards – Endocrine: Questions And Answers

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AG-ACNP Boards – Endocrine: Questions And Answers

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  • November 2, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ACNP
  • ACNP
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LeCrae
AG-ACNP Boards – Endocrine: Questions And Answers

Serotonin Syndrome Right Ans - *Similar to NMS but caused by
serotinergic medications, and has HYPERreflexive muscle activity and clonus

*onset <12h

*caused by combination of serotinergic drugs or overdose on one drug

*treated with Cyproheptadine if drug withdrawal does not produce symptom
improvement

Malignant hyperthermia Right Ans - *most common triggering agents =
volatile anesthetic gases, such as halothane, sevoflurane, desflurane,
isoflurane, enflurane

OR

*depolarizing muscle relaxants suxamethonium and decamethonium used
primarily in general anesthesia

-->Remember!! Sux absolutely contraindicated in hyperkalemia

ADH Right Ans - antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
-causes migration of aquaporins
-controls WATER concentration

Aldosterone Right Ans - -controls sodium/potassium concentration and
hydrogen ion secretion

Diabetes (Type I) Right Ans - *Most common in adolescents by may occur
in adulthood, often following viral illness

*Selective autoimmune mediated destruction of the pancreatic Beta cells
resulting in absolute lack of insulin production.
-will not have C- peptide present in blood--substance produced when pro-
insulin is cleaved to form active insulin

,*strongly associated with human leukocyte antigens with Islet cell antibodies
found in approximately 90% of patients within 1st year of diagnosis

*Marked by development of ketosis d/t absolute lack of insulin
-causes body to break down fatty acids for energy production

S/S of Type I Diabetes Right Ans - *3Ps: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

-nocturnal enuresis
-weight loss
-weakness/fatigue

differential for unplanned weight loss Right Ans - -DM1

-cancer

-hyperthyroidism

-HIV

-TB

Lab/Diagnostics of Type I DM Right Ans - Random plasma glucose >200

Serum fasting blood sugar >126 on 2 separate occasions

ketonemia or ketonuria or both

Impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetic) Right Ans - FBG >100 BUT < 125

HgbA1c (Normal) Right Ans - *5.5-7

<6=good control for diabetic

Management of Type I DM Right Ans - - Ketones present = Insulin therapy
mandatory!!

Insulin starter regimen Right Ans - *0.5 u/kg/day giving 2/3 of the dose in
the AM and 1/3 of the dose in the evening

, conventional split dose therapies Right Ans - *morning dose 2/3rd NPH,
1/3 regular

*evening dose 1/2 NPH, 1/2 regular

Novolog (insulin aspart), humalog (lispro) Right Ans - *Rapid acting

Glargine (Lantus) Right Ans - *onset of action of 1/2 hour to 1 hour

*peak effect in 2 to 4 hours

*duration of action of 6 to 8 hours

NPH insulin Right Ans - *onset of insulin effect of 1 to 2 hours

*peak effect of 4 to 6 hours

*duration of action of more than 12 hours

Diet teaching Right Ans - *Carbs 55-60%

*fats 20-30%

*Protein 10-20%

Diabetes Mellitus (type 2) defined Right Ans - *Most common type; >90%
diabetes in the US

*Circulating insulin exists enough to prevent ketoacidosis

*Caused by either tissue insensitivity to insulin or an insulin secretory defect
resulting in resistance and/or impaired insulin production

Metabolic Syndrome Right Ans - Waste Circumference: >40 inches in men
and >35 inches in women (BMI 25-34.9 = obese; >34.9 = morbidly obese)
BP: >130/85--only need one number
Triglycerides >150
FBG >100

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