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AG-ACNP Boards – Cardiology: Questions & Solutions $17.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

AG-ACNP Boards – Cardiology: Questions & Solutions

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  • ACNP
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  • ACNP

AG-ACNP Boards – Cardiology: Questions & Solutions

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  • November 2, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ACNP
  • ACNP
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LeCrae
AG-ACNP Boards – Cardiology: Questions & Solutions

Heart Murmurs what is heard with each grade? Right Ans - I/VI barely
audible

II/VI audible but faint

III/VI moderately loud easily heard

IV/VI loud and associated with a thrill

V/VI very loud heard with one corner of stethoscope off

VI loudest

L sided valvular disease Right Ans - automatic cardiology referral

MS ARD Right Ans - Mitral
Stenosis

Aortic
Regurgitation

Diastolic murmurs

MR ASS Right Ans - Mitral
Regurgitation

Aortic
Stenosis

Systolic

mitral Right Ans - *5th ICS mid chest - LSB

*Apex

*think about direction of flow through valve-->will be heard at apex, radiating
to axilla because points downward

,aortic Right Ans - 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

base

MS Right Ans - low pitched

apical crescendo

diastolic

MR Right Ans - radiating to L axilla

blowing, musical, high pitched

systolic

associated w/ papillary mm rupture w/ RCA infarct 4-7 days for STEMI

AS Right Ans - blowing, harsh murmur

usually radiating to carotids - think about direction of aorta - makes sense
anatomically

systolic murmur

AR Right Ans - blowing

diastolic

Heart failure definition Right Ans - cardiac output cannot meet the needs of
the body

Types of heart failure Right Ans - systolic: inability to contract resulting in
decreased cardiac output

Diastolic: inability to relax and fill result in decreased CO

Acute: Abrupt onset follows MI or valve rupture

, Chronic: develops as a result of compensatory mechanisms that have been
employed over time to improve CO

NYHA Class I Right Ans - No s/s

NYHA Class 2 Right Ans - Slight limitation of physical activity

NYHA Class 3 Right Ans - Marked limitations of physical activity

NYHA Class 4 Right Ans - Severe; inability to carry out any physical activity
without discomfort. Symptomatic all the time.

S/S of Left heart Failure (Acute) Right Ans - Dyspnea at rest/Coarse rales
over all lung fields/wheezing frothy cough - pulmonary edema

murmur of mitral regurgitation - systolic murmur loudest at apex, radiating to
L axilla... RCA STEMI sequela

S3

S/S of chronic heart failure (Left) Right Ans - JVD

Hepatomeglay

splenomegaly

abdominal fullness

dependent edema - as a result of increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

appears chronically ill

displaced PMI

S3/S4

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