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Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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  • November 2, 2024
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Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
A 55-year-old man with emphysema (a type of lung disease) who has smoked 2 packs of

cigarettes per day for 40 years is hospitalized for acute onset of cough with bloody sputum.

After a few days of testing and treatment, the patient's nurse reads a physician's note on the

chart: "I have told the patient that the etiologies of his presenting problem are: 1)

exacerbation of his chronic emphysema and 2) the new diagnosis of lung cancer. The onset of

both was contributed to by his longstanding smoking." The patient asks the nurse for more

information about his illness. Which explanation, by the nurse, indicates a full understanding of

the patient's situation?

✓ "The coughing up of blood is caused by a worsening of a disease you've had for a long
time plus a new problem-- lung cancer."



An 80-year-old patient has experienced a massive blood loss following an accident. His vital

signs are: BP 80/50 (normal ~ 120/80), HR 120 (norm = 60-100), RR 20 (norm = 12 to 20),

T 98.6 (norm ~ 98.6). In assessing this patient, the nurse understands that the abnormal HR is

✓ due to the patient's heart compensating for low blood volume



A young, otherwise healthy patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure

of unknown cause. The etiology of the heart failure would be termed

✓ idiopathic




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A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal dominant disease.

The other parent is homozygous normal. What would be the child's chances of having the

disease? (Hint: use a Punnett square to figure this out).

✓ 50%



A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disease.

The other parent is homozygous normal. What would be the child's chances of having the

disease? (Hint: use a Punnett square to figure this out).

✓ 0%



A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disease.

The other parent is homozygous normal. What are the chances that the child will be a carrier

of the disease?

✓ 50%



Which of the following is the result of defective protein synthesis caused by a single-gene

malfunction of the nucleus of a cell?

✓ cysts in the kidneys



A nurse explaining to a new mother the patho of her baby's teratogenic defect shows

complete understanding of the situation when he says,

✓ "Certain chromosomes in your baby may have been injured before you finally kicked your
cocaine addiction in your 6th month of pregnancy."



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A child with sickle cell anemia presents with pain all over, especially the joints. Which of the

following best links the patho with S&S?

✓ A single-gene mutation causes malfunction in RBC O2-carrying capacity, leading to
ischemic pain in the joint tissues.



A 28-year-old man presents with a low blood pressure due to blood loss from a gunshot

wound. The regulatory action that will best compensate for this patient's fluid volume deficit is:

✓ increased action of the RAAS



A 28-year-old man presents with a low blood pressure due to blood loss from a gunshot

wound. When aldosterone is secreted as a part of the increased action of the RAAS, all the

following will occur EXCEPT:

✓ Na+ excretion in the urine will increase



A patient is hospitalized after experiencing renal failure. Because of her kidneys' inability to

excrete water, she has generalized edema & a serum sodium of 129. Because the kidneys

have also lost the ability to appropriately regulate potassium, she also has a serum potassium

of 5.9. These lab results show:

✓ hyperkalemia & hyponatremia



A patient is hospitalized after experiencing renal failure. Because of her kidneys' inability to

excrete water, she has generalized edema & a serum sodium of 129. The edema is most

likely due to fluid shifting from the intravascular space into interstitial spaces secondary to all

the following EXCEPT

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