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Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and
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A 55-year-old man with emphysema (a type of lung disease) who has smoked 2 packs of
cigarettes per day for 40 years is hospitalized for acute onset of cough with bloody sputum.
After a few days of testing and treatment, the patient's nurse reads a physician's note on the
chart: "I have told the patient that the etiologies of his presenting problem are: 1)
exacerbation of his chronic emphysema and 2) the new diagnosis of lung cancer. The onset of
both was contributed to by his longstanding smoking." The patient asks the nurse for more
information about his illness. Which explanation, by the nurse, indicates a full understanding of
the patient's situation?
✓ "The coughing up of blood is caused by a worsening of a disease you've had for a long
time plus a new problem-- lung cancer."
An 80-year-old patient has experienced a massive blood loss following an accident. His vital
signs are: BP 80/50 (normal ~ 120/80), HR 120 (norm = 60-100), RR 20 (norm = 12 to 20),
T 98.6 (norm ~ 98.6). In assessing this patient, the nurse understands that the abnormal HR is
✓ due to the patient's heart compensating for low blood volume
A young, otherwise healthy patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure
of unknown cause. The etiology of the heart failure would be termed
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