patho exam 2 mcphs dpt questions and verified corr
Written for
MCPHS
All documents for this subject (109)
Seller
Follow
NurseAdvocate
Reviews received
Content preview
PATHO EXAM 2 MCPHS DPT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
Lecture 1: Cell Injury, Death, and Repair
7 Mechanisms of cell (tissue) injury are:
1. ischemia
2. infectious agents
3. immune reactions
4. genetic factors
5. nutritional factors
6. physical factors
7. chemical factors
Sub-lethal cell injuries are:
reversible
Lethal cell injuries are:
irreversible; death to cell
The body's ability to return to homeostasis depends on which 3 factors?
1. the mechanism of injury
2. the severity of the injury
3. how long it took to get treatment from time of injury
Ischemia is
,inadequate blood flow
which can cause hypoxia
Hypoxia is the result of either:
decreased hemoglobin (binds to and transports oxygen) or decreased oxygen
Ischemia (altered blood flow) results in:
-partial or total hypoxia
-decreased nutrients
-decreased removal of waste products
-decreased ATP synthesis
-increased accumulation of ions & intracellular fluid
-cell swells
-possible cell death
How can altered blood flow lead to tissue death?
Reduced blood flow leads to atherosclerosis;
Atherosclerosis then leads to ischemia;
Ischemia causes a stroke or an MI to occur;
Stroke or MI causes tissue death.
What else can be a result of reduced blood flow?
-increased metabolism
-obstruction of respiratory tree
-inadequate O2 transport to the lung
,-Inability of cells to use O2 for cellular respiration
all of these can lead to ischemia
What three infectious agents are responsible for majority of infections?
1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Mycoplasmas
What are some other infectious agents that can cause infections? (less common)
fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, prions, helminths
Bacteria is
a single-celled micro-organism
Bacteria is classified by which 4 shapes?
Cocci: spherical, round (twisted chain)
Staphylococcus: grape bunched
Bacilli: rod shaped
Spirochetes: spiral
Bacteria can also be classified by oxygen use in replication. These two types of bacteria are known as
aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Cell injury/death occurs by:
invading tissues and releasing exotoxins and endotoxins
, Examples of this type of cell injury/death include:
-cell lysis
-infection
-inflammatory/immunologic reaction
Cell injury/death could also be due to:
sepsis (bacteria in the blood)
Examples of this type of cause:
-endothelial damage
-loss of plasma volume
-maldistribution of blood flow (hypovolemia)
Maldistribution of blood flow can lead to:
cardiovascular collapse (septic shock)
Hypovolemia
decreased blood volume; too much vasodilation
Bacteria in tissue is:
local
Bacteria in the blood (sepsis) is:
systemic
Viruses are
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseAdvocate. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
