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Summary Anemia and Role of Coenzymes

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Anemia and Role of Coenzymes

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  • November 2, 2024
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Friday, February 26, 2016

Anemia and Role of Coenzymes

Vitamin B12
- Coenzyme cobalamin
- One of the most complex of all the vitamins in the body
- Stored in large quantities in liver, released slowly as needed by bone marrow
• Minimum RDA = 1-3 micrograms, normal storage = ~1000 times that
• 3-4 years of defective B12 absorption are usually required to cause anemia
- Unique structure - only biological molecule with a cobalt metalloid in its structure
(cobamide)

• Attached to benzymidazole nucleotide
- Coenzymic forms: Hydroxy cobalamin, Methyl cobalamin, Deoxyadenosyl
cobalamin
- B12 found in food is prisoner of binders - proteins
• Bound to various proteins after ingestion
• Acidic environment in stomach help to degrade some of the binders (food proteins)
• In stomach, binds to intrinsic factor, R binder (haptocorrin) - secreted by
salivary glands (50x higher affinity to bind to B12 in intense acidic environment)
- Intrinsic factor - binder that facilitates absorption of B12 into the small intestine
(ileal mucosa)

• In duodenum, R-binder freed from B12 due to basic pH
- Pancreatic proteases degrade R-binder
- All of B12 bound to intrinsic factor
• Ileum: intrinsic factor B-12 receptor (cubulin)
- Transmembrane protein with beta subunits going across plasma membrane,
alpha subunits on the extracellular side - located on mucosal cell brush border
- B-12 part of complex binds to alpha subunits, whole thing is translocated into
intestinal cells

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