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NURS 807 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

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NURS 807 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE define pathology study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs of the body that cause or are caused by disease define physiology study of the functions of the human body define ...

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  • November 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NURS 807 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST

UPDATE


define pathology

study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs of the body

that cause or are caused by disease

define physiology

study of the functions of the human body

define pathophysiology

cellular and organ changes that occur with disease and the effects on function

define etiology

the cause of something

what is the start of most diseases

cellular injury

physical forces that cause injury

mechanical forces ex) ankle sprain

extremes of temperature ex) necrosis

electrical forces ex) cardiac (internal) external -> electricity

radiation injury

,ionizing radiation : chernobyl, nuclear, kind when have cancer

non-ionizing radiation : microwaves, radiowaves, cellular

ultraviolet radiation : sunscreen

UV B vs UV A

UV A -> most damage and cause tan

UV B -> gets through skin and cause changes

hypoxia

lack of sufficient oxygen to the cells

mechanisms of cellular injury

free radicals : cause direct cellular injury

hypoxic cell injury : not enough oxygen

impaired calcium homeostasis : tumor -> center could be Ca

disruption of the cellular membranes : reversible injury

irreversible injury

apoptosis

programmed cell death

necrosis

reversible injury

body that can repair itself

irreversible injury

program cell death, necrosis, apoptosis

idiopathic

unknown etiology (cause)

,iatrogenic

disease arose as a result of prescribed treatment

common in pharmacology (risk versus benefit)

nosocomial / healthcare associated

acquired from a healthcare setting ex) MRSA, C-diff

risk factors: genetic predisposition and environmental triggers

factors that predispose an individual to a particular disease

majority of diseases are multifactorial in origin

congenital risk factors

present at birth

acquired conditions risk factors

injury

exposure to infectious agents ex) covid

inadequate nutrition ex) vitamins and minerals to support system

lack of oxygen ex) child with asthma -> life expectancy less

inappropriate immune response ex) celiac, lactose intolerant

neoplasia ex) cancer, history of cancer, multifactorial, treatment could lead to secondary

cancer

general risk factors

extremes of age

gender

genetic disposition

stress

, lifestyle and personal habits

occupation pre-existing illness

environmental exposure

pathogenesis

origin or development of the disease / why a disease starts

sequence of events leading to the expression of disease

structural abnormalities in pathogenesis

exogenous: external, outside of body

endogenous: internal, ex) appendix

functional abnormalities in pathogenesis

no identifiable cellular change that results in tissue abnormalities ex) appendix is

functional issue

manifestation

to present or show itself

signs and symptoms

signs: objective findings gathered during an assessment

symptoms: subjective findings gathered during the H&P

diagnosis and classification types

acute

disease of sudden onset which runs a severe but short course

subacute

intermediate nature : related to acute

chronic

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