Exam (elaborations)
LECOM PUBLIC HEALTH 2019 QUESTIONS WITH COMPETE ANSWERS
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LECOM PUBLIC HEALTH 2019 QUESTIONS WITH COMPETE ANSWERS
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LECOM PUBLIC HEALTH 2019QUESTIONS WITH COMPETE
ANSWERS
List bbthe bb3 bbcore bbfunctions bbof bbpublic bbhealth bb- bbAnswer bbAssessment, bbPolicy
bbDevelopment, bbAssurance
Primary bbPrevention bb- bbAnswer bbintervening bbbefore bbhealth bbeffects bboccur,
bbthrough bbmeasures bbsuch bbas bbvaccinations, bbaltering bbrisky bbbehaviors bb(poor
bbeating bbhabits, bbtobacco bbuse), bband bbbanning bbsubstances bbknown bbto bbbe
bbassociated bbwith bba bbdisease bbor bbhealth bbcondition
Secondary bbPrevention bb- bbAnswer bbscreening bbto bbidentify bbdiseases bbin bbthe
bbearliest bbstages, bbbefore bbthe bbonset bbof bbsigns bband bbsymptoms, bbthrough
bbmeasures bbsuch bbas bbmammography bband bbregular bbblood bbpressure bbtesting.
bbAlso bbincludes bbearly bbpreventive bbtreatment bbof bbconditions bbidentified bbby
bbscreening, bbbefore bbthey bbdevelop bbinto bbfrank bbdisease
Tertiary bbPrevention bb- bbAnswer bbmanaging bbdisease bbpost bbdiagnosis bbto bbslow bbor
bbstop bbdisease bbprogression bbthrough bbmeasures bbsuch bbas bbchemotherapy,
bbrehabilitation, bband bbscreening bbfor bbcomplications
Public bbhealth bbfunctions bbof bbthe bbFederal bbGovernment bb- bbAnswer bbthrough bbits
bbpower bbto bb(a) bbregulate bbinterstate bbcommerce bband bb(b) bbtax bband bbspend bbfor
bbthe bbgeneral bbwelfare:
Passes bblaws bb/ bbregulations bband bbsets bbpolicies bb/ bbstandards
Conducts bbregulatory bbactivities bbsuch bbas bblabeling bbhazardous bbsubstances bband
bbapproving bbdrugs
Surveys bbpopulation bbhealth bbstatus bband bbhealth bbneeds
Supports bbbiomedical bband bbhealth bbservices bbresearch
Helps bbfinance bbhealth bbservices bband bbprovides bbdirect bbcare bbto bbmilitary
bbpersonnel bband bbindigenous bbpopulations. bb
Provides bbtechnical bbassistance bband bbresources bbto bbstate bband bblocal bbhealth
bbsystems
Provides bbprotection bbagainst bbglobal bbhealth bbthreats bband bbsupports bbinternational
bbpublic bbhealth bbefforts
,Public bbhealth bbfunctions bbof bbState bbGovernment bb- bbAnswer bbthrough bbits bbpolice
bbpower bb(under bbTenth bbAmendment bbto bbthe bbConstitution: bb"to bbenact bband
bbenforce bblaws bbto bbprotect bband bbpromote bbthe bbhealth, bbsafety, bbmorals, bborder,
bbpeace, bbcomfort, bband bbgeneral bbwelfare bbof bbthe bbpeople") bbOversees
bbenvironmental bband bbeducational bbservices
- bbMaintains bbpublic bbhealth bbsurveillance bbsystem bband bbprovides bbepidemiological
bbconsultation
- bbResponds bbto bbpublic bbhealth bbemergencies bb
- bbProvides bbreference bblaboratory bbservices bbfor bbdiagnostic bbsupport bb
- bbLicenses bbthe bbhealthcare bbworkforce
Public bbhealth bbfunctions bbof bbLocal bbhealth bbdepartments bb- bbAnswer bbthe bb"front
bbline" bbof bbpublic bbhealth bbagencies, bbexecuting bbmissions bbdirected bbby bbthe
bbstate. bbTypical bbservices bbinclude:
- bbCommunicable bbdisease bbcontrol bb
- bbScreening bband bbimmunizations bb
- bbPrimary bbcollection bbof bbvital bbstatistics, bbhealth bbstatistics bband bbsurveillance
bbdata
- bbHealth bbeducation bbservices bb
- bbSanitary bbinspections
- bbSchool bbhealth bbprograms
- bbMaternal bband bbchild bbhealth, bbpublic bbhealth bbnursing, bband bbmental bbhealth
bbservices
Identify bbthe bboperating bbagencies bbof bbthe bbU.S. bbPublic bbHealth bbService bb-
bbAnswer bb• bbAHRQ bb- bbAgency bbfor bbHealthcare bbResearch bband bbQuality
• bbATSDR bb- bbAgency bbfor bbToxic bbSubstances bband bbDisease bbRegistry
• bbCDC bb- bbCenters bbfor bbDisease bbControl bband bbPrevention
• bbFDA bb- bbFood bband bbDrug bbAdministration
• bbHRSA bb- bbHealth bbResources bband bbServices bbAdministration
• bbIHS bb- bbIndian bbHealth bbService
• bbNIH bb- bbNational bbInstitutes bbof bbHealth
• bbSAMHSA bb- bbSubstance bbAbuse bband bbMental bbHealth bbServices bbAdministration
Describe bbhow bba bbpercent bbagreement bbbetween bbtwo bbobservers bbor bbtests bbis
bbcalculated bb- bbAnswer bb2 bbby bb2 bbchart
Describe bbhow bbefficacy bbis bbcalculated bbas bba bbrelative bbrisk bbreduction bb- bbAnswer
bbUsing bbVaccine bbEfficacy, bbthe bbcalculation bbis:
(This bbis bbreally bbthe bbonly bbformula bbyou bbneed.)
This bbis bbactually bbthe bbsame bbas bbsubtracting bbthe bb
ratio bbof bbattack bbrates bbfrom bbunity.
To bbobtain bbthe bbpercent bbefficacy, bbjust bbmultiply
by bb100
, List bbat bbleast bb4 bbcriteria bbimportant bbfor bbdemonstrating bbcausation bb- bbAnswer
bbThe bbHill bbCriteria:
- bbStrength bbof bbassociation bb
- bbConsistency bb(other bbstudies) bb
- bbSpecificity
- bbTemporality bb(exposure bbthen bbeffect)
- bbBiological bbgradient bb(dose-response bbeffect) bb- bbBiological bbplausibility
bb(theoretical) bb
- bbCoherence bb
- bbExperiment bb(evidence)
- bbAnalogy bb(given bbprior bbsimilar bblinkages)
Differentiate bbrandom bbsampling bbmethods bbfrom bbnon bbprobability bbsampling
bbmethods bb- bbAnswer bbProbability bb(random) bbsampling bbis bbalways bbpreferred,
bbsuch bbthat bbevery bbperson bbhas bbthe bbsame bb(and bbknown) bbprobability bbof bbbeing
bbselected. bbMethods bbinclude:
Simple bbSystematic bbStratified bbCluster
bb(Less bbdesirable, bbnon-probability bbmethods bbinclude bbConvenience bb&
bbRespondent-Driven bbsampling.)
Descriptive bbEpidemiology bb- bbAnswer bbconcerned bbwith bborganizing bband
bbsummarizing bbdata bbregarding bbthe bbpersons bbaffected bb(e.g., bbthe bbcharacteristics
bbof bbthose bbwho bbbecame bbill), bbtime bb(e.g., bbwhen bbthey bbbecome bbill), bband
bbplace bb(e.g., bbwhere bbthey bbmight bbhave bbbeen bbexposed bbto bbthe bbcause bbof
bbillness)
Analytic bbEpidemiology bb- bbAnswer bbconcerned bbwith bbwhy bband bbhow bba bbhealth
bbproblem bboccurs. bbUses bbcomparison bbgroups bbto bbprovide bbbaseline bbor
bbexpected bbvalues bbso bbthat bbassociations bbbetween bbexposures bband bboutcomes
bbcan bbbe bbquantified bband bbhypotheses bbabout bbthe bbcause bbof bbthe bbproblem bbcan
bbbe bbtested
What bbare bbpatient bboriented bboutcomes bbof bbstudies bb- bbAnswer bbare bbthose bbthat
bbwould bbtypically bbmatter bbmost bbto bbthe bbpatient bbbecause bbthey bbreflect bbimproved
bbsymptoms bb(versus, bbfor bbexample, bbimproved bblab bbresults), bbquality bbof bblife,
bbsurvival bbwith bbminimal bbor bb
no bbdisability, bbbest bboutcome bbfor bbthe bbcost, bbetc.
Patient-Oriented bbOutcomes
• bbmorbidity
• bbmortality
• bbsymptoms
• bbquality bbof bblife
• bbcost
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