HSM 200 EXAM 1| 200 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Tertiary prevention describes: - ANSWER-rehabilitation and maximizing remaining
functional capacity when a disease or condition has occurred with residual damage to
physical functionality
In the past, patient behaviors within the health care delivery system were formed from
the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who expected patients to be
compliant and grateful. Today, health care providers and consumers: - ANSWER-
increasingly engage in "shared decision-making."
Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary
prevention refers to: - ANSWER-health education and specific protections such as
immunizations
Annual U.S. annual health care expenditures far outstrip those of 12 other developed
nations. In relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status ranking on
critical indicators in comparison with those other developed nations is: - ANSWER-Much
lower
One reason why employers are a major stakeholder group in the healthcare industry is:
- ANSWER-Their payment of a high proportion of healthcare costs.
In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to: - ANSWER-
Behavioral, genetic, environmental and other factors that may contribute to an
individual's likelihood of contracting a disease
Secondary prevention describes: - ANSWER-early detection and prompt treatment of a
disease or condition to achieve an early cure, if possible, or to slow progression,
prevent complications, and limit disability.
The natural history of disease is best described as: - ANSWER-a matrix used by
epidemiologists and health services planners that places everything known about a
particular disease or condition in the sequence of its origin and progression when
untreated.
The ACA will provide new access to health care for millions of Americans. However,
health services researchers caution about overstating the link between insurance and
health. The basis for their caution is - ANSWER-improvements in population health will
require merging public health concepts into personal medical care approaches.
,Problems of the healthcare delivery system are historically rooted in balancing cost,
quality, and access. These problems generated competition between the government
and private sectors in the 1990s, best characterized by which of the following? -
ANSWER-Market-oriented changes, competition, and privately organized managed
care programs
A matrix used by epidemiologists and health services planners that places everything
known about a particular disease or condition in the sequence of its origin and
progression when untreated. - ANSWER-Natural History of Disease
Rehabilitation and maximizing remaining functional capacity when a disease or
condition has occurred and left residual damage. - ANSWER-Tertiary Prevention
Early detection and prompt treatment of a disease or condition to achieve an early cure,
if possible, or to slow progression, prevent complications, and limit disability. Most
preventive health care is currently focused on this level. - ANSWER-Secondary
Prevention
Measures designed to promote health and prevent disease or other adverse health
occurrence, e.g., health education to encourage good nutrition, exercise, and genetic
counseling, and specific protections, e.g., immunization and the use of seat belts. -
ANSWER-Primary Prevention
To address challenges of providing a continuum of care with scarce resources, these
joined rural healthcare providers in formal, not-for-profit corporations or through informal
linkages to achieve a defined set of mutually beneficial purposes. - ANSWER-Rural
Health Networks
The typical relationship of patient to physician used to be one of deference to a more
knowledgeable authority. Why is it now critically important for patients take a more
proactive role in their medical care? - ANSWER-I feel as though is it now critically
important for patients take a more proactive role in their medical care because they are
the voices that will be able to guide our healthcare system to better changes. Health
Care USA writes: "recognizing the benefits of more proactive roles for patients and the
improved outcomes that result..."(3). Quality care is everything and patients should be
involved in the results of health care improvements.
Following WWII, the federal government excluded health insurance benefits from wage
and price controls and excluded workers' contributions to health insurance from taxable
income. - ANSWER-Contributed to rapid increases in overall healthcare costs
As early as the 1800s,some Americans carried 'health insurance' through employers,
fraternal orders, guilds, trade unions, or commercial insurance companies. However,
unlike health insurance of today, these insurance policies only provided for: - ANSWER-
Fixed payments to compensate for lost wages due to injury, sickness or disability
, Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades,
was modeled after: - ANSWER-Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan
In its early origins in colonial America, the patient/physician relationship can be best
characterized as: - ANSWER-Personal, confidential and simple with payments based on
patients' ability to pay.
The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the
following? - ANSWER-Encouragement for physicians' specialization
Higher healthcare costs
Hospitals; major capital investments in high-technology imaging equipment
The major health care advances of the second half of the 1900s were in the area of: -
ANSWER-vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious diseases,
tranquilizers, the birth control pill
The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital insurance
plans suggested that the plans: - ANSWER-Were economically unsound and unethical
The most significant social legislation passed by any Congress in the history of the
United States was the: - ANSWER-Social Security Act of 1935
The primary purpose of Medicare as enacted in 1965 was to: - ANSWER-provide health
insurance for older Americans.
The primary purpose of Medicaid as enacted in 1965 was to: - ANSWER-provide health
insurance for low-income individuals.
The American Medical Association (AMA), founded in 1847, is the smallest medical
lobby, with a membership of 24,000 individuals, yet it represents only 25.6 percent of
physicians and medical students. - ANSWER-False
Federal legislation enacted by the Nixon administration that provided loans and grants
for the planning, development, and implementation of combined insurance and
healthcare delivery organizations and required that a comprehensive array of preventive
and primary care services be included in the HMO arrangement. - ANSWER-Health
Maintenance Organization Act 1973 (don't know)
The most significant social initiative ever passed by any Congress; it was the legislative
basis for many major health and welfare programs, including the Medicare and
Medicaid programs. - ANSWER-Social Security Act of 1935
Title XIX amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935, it is a joint federal/state
program that provides insurance coverage for a prescribed scope of basic healthcare
