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NURB 3050 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Answers
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NURB 3050 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Answers
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NURB 3050 Exam 3 Questions withVerified Answers
functional unit of the kidneys - Answer-nephron
major functions of the kidneys - Answer-Regulate extracellular fluid
Excrete wastes
Secrete renin
Produce Erythropoietin
Activate Vitamin D
Regulate acid-base balance
Prostaglandin Synthesis
FEARS:
-F:luid
-E:lectrolytes, erythropoietin
-A:cid base regulation
-R:rids toxic waste
-S:ecretes renin
Bowmans capsule - Answer-is where the process of the nephron function that filters the
solutes of the blood due to a pressure gradient(counter-current system for filtration) that
exists between the blood in the capillaries and fluid
-collects glomerular filtrate
loop of henle - Answer-the section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and
minimizes volume of urine, concentrates the urine.
-electrolyte filtration
-concentrated urine is produced by a counter current exchange system in which fluid
flows in opposite directions through the parallel tubes of the loop of Henle; a
concentration gradient allows fluid to be exchanged across pathways
distal convoluted tubule - Answer-is located between the loop of henle and collecting
duct
-selective reabsorption and secretion occurs here, mos notably to regulate reabsorption
of water and sodium in exchange for secreting H+ and K+ (regulated by aldosterone)
what is the patho of kidney stones? what can be the outcome of any renal obstruction -
Answer--calculi or urinary stones, are masses of crystals, protein, or other substances
that are a common cause of urinary tract obstruction
-can be located in the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder
-formation is related to supersaturation of one or more salts in urine, precipitation of the
salts from a liquid to solid state, growth through crystallization or aggregation, and the
presence or absense of stone inhibitors.
-calcium stones account for 70% of all stones requiring treatment
, -urine concentration of substrare turns alkalinic, there is Ca carbonate or uric acid in
urine
nidus - Answer-kidney stone nucleus that grows in renal tubule or renal pelvis
what can be the outcome of any renal obstruction - Answer--overactive or non active
bladder functioning, lead to urinary tract infections
what are some types of kidney stones? - Answer--calcium stones: 70% of all stones
requiring treatment
-struvite stones primarily contain magnesium ammonium phosphate as well as varying
levels of matrix that forms in an alkaline urine
-uric acid stones occur in persons who excrete excessive uric acid in the urine such as
those with gouty arthritis
renal colic - Answer-moderate or severe pain originating in the flank and radiating down
to the groin usually indicates obstruction of renal pevis
how does anesthesia cause urinary retention - Answer-it blocks nerves and pain signals
and is usually given with fluid which results in a combination of a full bladder without
nerve function to empty
glomerulonephritis - Answer--loss of negative charge in capillary membrane and
increased permeability of filter slits causing the swelling and inflammation of glomerulus
-can be immunologic or hereditary
-immune injury is a major cause such as circulating antigen-antibody immune
complexes into the glomerulus and reactions to antibodies in situ against planted
antigens.
-can be non immune related to ischemia, metabolic disorders, toxin exposure, drugs,
vascular disorders and infection.
acute glomernulonephritis - Answer--abrupt onset after infection in throat, skin, or
bacterial endocarditis
-post streptococcal infection
-S/S: Hematuria, red blood casts, proteinuria, decreased GFR, oliguria, edema(around
ankles), HTN
What is the causative agent for the formation of the antibody/antigen substances? -
Answer-
Nephrotic syndrome patho - Answer--nephrotic syndrome is the excretion of 3.5 g or
more of protein in the urine per day and is a characteristic of glomerular injury
- loss of negative charged enlargement of filter slits, loss of plasma proteins, and a
permanently changed basement membrane
proteinuria - Answer-10g/day, edema,
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