Exam (elaborations)
D265--CRITICAL THINKING REASON AND EVIDENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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D265--CRITICAL THINKING REASON AND EVIDENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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D265--CRITICAL THINKING REASON ANDEVIDENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024 - 2025
Proposition ANS - Statements that can be true of false
Non-Proposition ANS - are not statements about matters of fact. They do not claim to be true or false.
That cannot be true or false.
Argument ANS - Composed of premises and conclusions (both types of statements). The premises of
the argument provide a reason for thinking the conclusion is true. Arguments typically involve more
than one premise. A standard way of capturing the structure of an argument is by numbering the
premises and conclusions.
Non-Argument ANS -
Premise ANS - The claims, evidence, ideas, and so forth intended to support the conclusion.
Conclusion ANS - The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or demo or prove.
Deductive Argument ANS - Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
(mathematical arguments, logical arguments, etc.)
Inductive Argument ANS - Arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable. Offers
probabilistic support for their conclusions.
Valid/Invalid Argument ANS - Valid
Invalid
, Sound/Unsound Argument ANS - Sound arguments is about both structure and truth. One must have a
good structure and true premises to make a sound argument.
Unsound
Strong/Weak Argument ANS - Strong Arguments: The premises, if true, would demo that the
conclusion is likely to be true.
Weak Arguments: It fails to demo that the conclusion is likely to be true, even assuming the truth of the
premises.
Cogent/Uncogent Argument ANS - Cogent = sound
All true premises and the premises and the premises give strong inductive arguments since inductive
arguments cannot be sound or unsound.
Uncogent = unsound
Informal Fallacy ANS - The structure of the argument is not what is at issue, but the content of the
argument.
Formal Fallacy ANS - Refers to the structure of things. Affirming the consequent. One has made an
argument with a bad structure
Antecedent ANS - The simple proposition that immediately follows the word "if"
Consequent ANS - The simple proposition that immediate follows the word "then"
Modus Ponens ANS -
Affirming the Consequent ANS -
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