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MICR 3050 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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MICR 3050 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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MICR 3050 Exam 1 Questions andAnswers
Microorganisms - Answer-organisms and acellular entities too small to be clearly seen
by the unaided eye, generally 1mm in diameter
metabolism, growth, evolution - Answer-Properties of all cells
Metabolism - Answer-cells take up nutrients, transform them, and expel wastes
Genetic metabolism - Answer-replication, transcription, translation
Catalytic metabolism - Answer-energy, biosynthesis
Differentiation, Communication, Genetic Exchange, Motility - Answer-Properties of
some cells
horizontal gene transfer - Answer-The transfer of genes from one genome to another
through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity,
and perhaps fusions of different organisms, performed by archaea and bacteria
Age of earth - Answer-4.6 bya
Origin of cellular life - Answer-3.8 bya
Filamentous cyanobacteria emerge - Answer-3.0 bya
LUCA - Answer-last universal common ancestor, 60 key genes found in all other cells
Most microbes are - Answer-underground
3 domains - Answer-Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Microbial species - Answer-A collection of strains that share many stable properties and
differ significantly from other groups of strains
Microbial strain - Answer-(subset of a microbial species), a strain consists of the
descendants of a single, pure microbial culture
Robert Hooke (1635-1703) - Answer-named cells, described the fruiting structures of
molds
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - Answer-father of bacteriology, first to observe
and accurately describe bacteria
, Spontaneous generation - Answer-living organisms can develop from nonliving or
decomposing matter, disproven
Francesco Redi (1668) - Answer-disproved spontaneous generation for large animals
Louis Pasteur (1864) - Answer-disproved spontaneous generation, pasteurization,
aseptic technique, discovered attenuation, developed vaccines for anthrax, chicken
cholera, and rabies, solidified germ theory of disease
Robert Koch (1876) - Answer-direct evidence for Germ Theory of Disease, established
relationship between diseases and their microbes
Koch's Postulates - Answer-a sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a
specific microbe to a specific disease
Edward Jenner (1798) - Answer-Smallpox vaccine
Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898) - Answer-discovered bacterial endospores, classified
bacteria based on shape
Alexander Flemming (1929) - Answer-discovered penicillin
Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931) - Answer-pioneered the use of enrichment cultures and
selective media, described first virus
Sergei Winogradsky (1856-1953) - Answer-discovered numerous interesting metabolic
processes (such as anaerobic nitrogen fixation), proposed concept of chemolithotrophy
Griffith (1928) - Answer-transforming principle
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty (1944) - Answer-Proved that DNA is the hereditary material
Amber and Smith (1970) - Answer-restriction endonucleases
Types of Light microscopes - Answer-bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast,
fluorescence
refractive index - Answer-how much a substance deflects a light ray from a straight path
greater magnification - Answer-shorter focal length
bright field microscopy - Answer-Specimens are visualized because of differences in
contrast (density) between the specimen and its surroundings
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