Exam (elaborations)
Microbiology 3050 Exam 1 Questions with Latest Update
- Course
- Institution
Microbiology 3050 Exam 1 Questions with Latest Update
[Show more]
Content preview
Microbiology 3050 Exam 1 Questionswith Latest Update
Microorganism - Answer-Organisms and acellular entities too small to be seen clearly
by an unaided eye;
=<1mm in diameter
often unicellular
Cellular - Answer-Fungi (yeasts + molds)
protists (algae, protozoa, slime molds)
bacteria (E. coli)
Archaea (methanogens)
Acellular - Answer-Viruses (protein + nucleic acids)
Viroids (RNA)
Satellites (Nucleic Acid + RNA)
Prions (infections proteins)
Importance of Microorganisms - Answer-most populous group of organisms
1.3:1 cells:bacteria ratio
50% of earths carbon is from microbes
90% of earths nitrogen is from bacteria
75% of earths oxygen is from algae
we can only culture less than 1% of earths bacterias
Prokaryotic - Answer-lack true membrane-bound nucleus; not absolute
cytoplasm with ribosomes
nucleoid region contains DNA
plasmid contains advantageous "traited" DNA
cytoplasmic membrane
cell wall
Eukaryotic - Answer-possess membrane-bound nucleus
other membrane-bound organelles
usually more complex than prokaryotes
usually larger than prokaryotes
chloroplast
mitochondria
etc.
Universal Phylogenetic Tree - Answer-a. isolate DNA
b. make copies of rRNA by PCR-polymerase chain reactions
c. Sequence DNA
d. Analyze sequence by pairing mismatches in the rRNA
, e. (# of unmatched) / (total genes) * 100% = % evolutionary distance
LUCA - Answer-all three branches of come from LUCA-the Last Universal Common
Ancestor
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
Endo-symbiotic Hypothesis - Answer-Eukaryotic cells potentially came about from the
symbiosis of separate single-celled organisms forming several key organelles.
side notes:
1. Eukarya and bacteria evolved separately
2. Tree of life is very complex; always changing
Bacteria - Answer-PROKARYOTES
usually single-celled
majority have cell wall with PEPTIDOGLYCAN
in soil, water, air, in/on other organisms
some live in extreme enviornments
can cause disease in humans
do not have cell membrane with lipids
proteobacteria, mitochondrion, gram-positive bacteria cyanobacteria, chloroplasts,
hyperthermophiles
Archaea - Answer-PROKARYOTES
usually single-celled
Distinct SSU RNA sequences (grouping archea from bacteria based on difference)
no peptidoglycan
do not cause disease in humans
have cell membrane with lipids
some have unusual metabolic characteristics; methanogens make methane
MANY LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Methanogens, Extreme halophiles
Eukarya - Answer-EUKARYOTES
Protists-typically unicellular, but generally larger than members of Bacteria and Archaea
-Algae, protozoa, slime molds, and water molds
Fungi-unicellular to multicellular
-yeast
-molds+mildews: Hypha-filaments stretch and search for nutrients for growth-thats why
you can see molds+mildews
-mushrooms: kind of, not really accepted to be a full on microorganism due to their size
Animals, Fungi, Plants, Flagellates, Slime molds, etc.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectknancy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now