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MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 14 QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024
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MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 14
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MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 14pathology - answer Scientific Study of disease - concerned with etiology (cause) and
pathogenesis (development)& effects of disease
Name 3 types of symbiotic relationships - answer Mutualism, communalism, parasitism
mutualism - answer both organisms benefit from the relationship
commensalism - answer one organism benefits from relationship and the other neither
benefits or is harmed
parasitism - answer1 organism benefits and 1 is harmed Eg Salmonella enteric a
receives food/warmth from Lrg Int and Human host experiences gastroenteritis
name 2 examples of mutualism – answer tritonymph in termite intestine and vitamin
synthesizing bacteria in colon
name an example of commensalism - answer staphylococcus sp. on human skin
Define Disease - answerAny change from a state of heath. A disease may, but not
always, result from infection
normal microbiota - answerorganisms that colonize body surfaces w/o causing disease,
(ex Streptococcus in mouth)
transient microbiota - answerpresent for a few days/week , are easier to get rid of than
normal flora (eg microbs picked off door handle)
where are resident microbiota found - answeron skin, mm of digestive tract, upper
respiratory tract, and distal part of urethra and vagina
most resident microbiota are _______ - answercommensal
where are transient microbiota found - answeron skin, mm of digestive tract, upper
respiratory tract, and distal part of urethra and vagina
why cant transient microbiota persist in the body - answercompetition from other
microorganism, elimination by body's defenses cells, chemical or physical changes in
the body
when does normal microbiota develop - answerin the birthing process
, when is resident microbiota established - answerfirst months of life
opportunistic pathogens - answernormal microbiota or harmless microbes that can
cause disease under certain circumstances
name 3 conditions that provide opportunities for pathogens - answerimmune
suppression, reduction in microbial antagonism, intro of normal microbiota into unusual
site in the body
name an example of normal microbiota in unusual site - answerecoli in urethra causing
uti
name 4 portals of pathogen entry - answerskin, mm, placenta and parenteral route
parental route - answerdeposition directly into tissues under the skin or mm
name some ways pathogens enter by parental route - answerpunctures, cuts, deep
abrasions and surgery
adhesion - answerprocess by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells
is adhesion required to sucessfully est colonies within a host - answeryes
name adhesion factors - answerspecialized structures, adhesins and attachment
proteins
where are adhesion discs found - answersome protozoans
where are hooks and suckers found - answerin some helminthes aka worms
where are adhesins found - answerin bacteria
where are attachment proteins found - answerviruses
what are ligands - answersurface lipoproteins and glycoproteins that enable bacteria
and viruses to bind to complementary receptors on host cells
avirulent - answerharmless unable to make adhesins or attachment proteins
what is disease also referred to as - answermorbidity = any change from a state of good
health
asymptomatic infections - answerlack of symptoms but may still have signs of infection
etiology - answerstudy of cause of disease
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