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Nur 176 final exam questions and answers
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Nur 176 final exam questions and answers Nur 176 final exam questions and answers Nur 176 final exam questions and answers
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Nur 176 final examwhat is hypoglycemia? - ANS: *blood glucose levels less than normal
*treatment is aimed at replacing glucose in the body by oral intake, IV intake, and IM injection
hypoglycemia symptoms - ANS: weakness
dizziness/vertigo
headache
blurred vision
shakey
difficulty concentrating
plaptations
tachycardia
muscle tremors
3 P's (p-uria, p-phagia, p-dypsia)
"cold and clammy bring me candy"
hypoglycemia mental status - ANS: anxiousness
irritability
seizures
confusion
unconsiousness/coma
what do you do for hypoglycemia - ANS: *eat/drink carbs: MILK, juice, pop
*15-15-15 rule
,*D50 IV
*glucagon IV/IM/SQ/GEL
what is hyperglycemia? - ANS: *a condition with elevated blood glucose associated with DM
*fasting glucose >126
*random blood glucose >200
hyperglycemia symptoms - ANS: nausea
vomiting
dehydration
acidosis
abdominal cramps
fatigue
warm/moist skin
deep/rapid respirations
tachycardia if dehydrated
ketones
3 P's (P-uria, P-phagia, P-dypsia)
why does hyperglycemia occur? - ANS: because the result of insufficient insulin production or secretion,
excessive counterregulatory hormone secretion, or from deficient hormone signaling
why does hypoglycemia occur? - ANS: because of low glucose levels and typically occurs as a result of
insufficient nutritional intake, adverse reaction to medication, excessive/exercise and or as a
consequence of disease states
,diabetes mellitus - ANS: a group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in fat,
carbohydrate and protein metabolism
type 1 DM - ANS: *an autoimmune disorder that leads to destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas
*most commonly is referred to as insulin dependent diabetes
*no insulin producing
what is glucose regulation? - ANS: the process of maintaining optimal glucose levels
what is glycogen? - ANS: *storage form of glucose
*used when blood sugar drops
what is glycogenesis? - ANS: formation of glucose
What is glycogenolysis? - ANS: breakdown of glycogen to glucose
what is counter regulatory hormones? - ANS: *they work against the action of insulin, so they raise
blood glucose levels
*examples: glucagon, cortisol, steroids
what is insulin? - ANS: a hormone produced by the pancreas (beta cells) regulating the amount of
glucose in the blood, lowering the blood sugar
what is insulin resistance? - ANS: cells of the body that don't respond to insulin
driving factor leading to type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes
what is euglycemia? - ANS: normal blood glucose levels
, what 2 major hormones does the pancreas secrete? - ANS: insulin (beta cells) and glucagon (alpha cells)
insulin and glucagon play a major role in what 3 things? - ANS: carbohydrates
fat
protein metabolism
what are risk factors for a pregnant women being at risk for impaired glucose regulation? - ANS:
hormonal changes, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia
what are risk factors for a infant being at risk for impaired glucose regulation? - ANS: gestational
diabetes, born a large baby, hypoglycemia
gestational diabetes - ANS: *abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
*resembles type 2 diabetes
*screening takes place 24-28 weeks
*must be reclassified if continues 6 weeks post delivery
*potential complications: increase birth weight, infant hypoglycemic
what are risk factors for older adults for impaired glucose regulation? - ANS: impaired glucose
metabolism, hyperglycemia
what are risk factors for racial/ethnic groups being at risk for impaired glucose regulation? - ANS:
genetic predisposition
what individual risk factors contribute to impaired glucose regulation? - ANS: genetics: insulin
resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome
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