APHY 101 Final Exam Latest 2024 Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) Already Graded A+
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Correct Answer - Anatomy is
the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function
of body parts
What are the requirements of life? - Correct Answer - Water, food, oxygen, heat,
pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - Correct Answer - Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size
without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use
of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of
substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body
fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion
(removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - Correct Answer - Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - Correct Answer - the body maintains homeostasis
through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body
temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - Correct Answer - Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It
is composed of elements.
pg. 1
,What are the characteristics of DNA? - Correct Answer - Double-stranded DNA
molecules twist to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases
pair to form the "rungs."
What are the 4 types the DNA molecule base can be? - Correct Answer - (A) adenine
(T) thymine
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? - Correct Answer - A T
CG
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - Correct Answer - Single-stranded molecules, their nucleotides
have ribose rather than deoxyribose sugar, and uracil rather than thymine. Functions in
protein synthesis.
Nucleotides - Correct Answer - Building blocks of nucleic acid; consist of a 5-carbon
sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 types the RNA molecule base can be? - Correct Answer - A) adenine
(T) uracil
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
How is RNA made? - Correct Answer - All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA
transcription, a process catalyzed by a class of enzymes called RNA polymerases.
List the steps of protein synthesis. - Correct Answer - During protein synthesis tRNA
molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to align against an mRNA molecule
temporarily held on a ribosome. The aligned amino acids join and the polypeptide that
grows folds.
pg. 2
, Transcription - Correct Answer - the process of copying the information encoded in DNA
to produce RNA
Translation - Correct Answer - The process of translating the series of codons of mRNA
from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids.
codons - Correct Answer - set of three nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule
corresponding to one of the 20 types of amino acids
How does DNA replicate? - Correct Answer - During interphase, hydrogen bonds break
between the base pairs.
The strands unwind and part, and free nucleotides come in and hydrogen bonds form
between the new and the old.
Enzymes catalyze the base pair bonding and the knitting together of the sugar-
phosphate backbone.
Mutations - Correct Answer - The rare distinctions in DNA sequence that affect how we
look or feel. Mutations may be spontaneous (due to transient mispairing during DNA
replication) or induced by exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.
What is a tissue? - Correct Answer - layers or groups of similar cells with a common
function
What are the four types of tissues in the body? - Correct Answer - Epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues
What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue? - Correct Answer - Covers
body surface and organs, lines body cavities and hollow organs, composes glands,
lacks blood vessels, cells readily divide, and cells are tightly packed; they function in
protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.
pg. 3
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