Exam (elaborations)
HESI PHARMACOLOGY V1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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2024-2025 HESIPHARMACOLOGY V1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dl. Which medica=on should the nurse
prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?1. Calcium chloride
2. Calcium gluconate
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) ÖÖÖ
4. Large doses of vitamin D
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Ra=onale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dl. This client is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medica=ons used
for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a
thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibi=ng bone
resorp=on and lowering the serum calcium concentra=on.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency
anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best
food item?
1. Milk
2. Water
,3. Apple juice
4. Orange juice) ÖÖÖ
4. Orange juice
Ra=onale:
Vitamin C increases the absorp=on of iron by the body. The mother should be
instructed to administer the medica=on with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high
in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorp=on of the iron. Water will not assist in
absorp=on. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple
juice.
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse
monitors the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the
presence of systemic toxicity from this medica=on?
1. Tinnitus) ÖÖÖ
2. Diarrhea
3. Cons=pa=on
4. Decreased Respira=ons
1. Tinnitus
Ra=onale:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity
(salicylism) can result. Symptoms include =nnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and
psychological disturbances. Cons=pa=on and diarrhea are not associated with
salicylism.
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have
applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens
are most effec=ve when applied:
,1. Immediately before swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
Ra=onale:
Sunscreens are most effec=ve when applied at least 30 minutes before
exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should
be reapplied a[er swimming or swea=ng
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury.
When applying the medica=on, the client complains of local discomfort and
burning. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing ac=on?
1. No=fying the registered nurse
2. Discon=nuing the medica=on
3. Informing the client that this is normal
4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site
3. Informing the client that this is normal
Ra=onale:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriosta=c for gram-nega=ve and gram-posi=ve
organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular
=ssues. The client should be informed that the medica=on will cause local
discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reac=on; therefore op=ons 1,
2, and 4 are incorrect
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)
to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the
, following indicates that a systemic effect has occurred?1.Hyperven=la=on
2.Elevated blood pressure
3.Local pain at the burn site
4.Local rash at the burn site
1.Hyperven=la=on
Ra=onale:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal
excre=on of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment
should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperven=la=on). If
this occurs, the medica=on should be discon=nued for 1 to 2 days. Op=ons 3
and 4 describe local rather than syeffects. An elevated blood pressure may be
expected from the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
Isotre=noin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the
administra=on of this medica=on, the nurse an=cipates that which laboratory
test will be prescribed?
1. Platelet count
2. Triglyceride level
3. Complete blood count
4. White blood cell count
2. Triglyceride level
Ra=onale:
Isotre=noin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be
measured before treatment and periodically therea[er un=l the effect on the
triglycerides has been evaluated. Op=ons 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be
monitored specifically during this treatment.
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