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Summary Moray (1959) - study on auditory attention
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A summary of classic key study - Moray (1959)
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Moray (1958): Study on Auditory AttentionAttention
Attention is actively processing information that is all around us.
We sometimes actively select information and pay more of our attention towards
certain pieces of information.
Attention can only last a certain amount of time, and research has shown that our
attention can only deal with a certain amount of information to be processed at any
one time.
Background
Selective attention – people are presented with 2 or more simultaneous ‘messages’
and are instructed to process and respond to only one of them. The most popular
way of doing this is to use shadowing, in which one message is fed into the left ear
and a different message into the right ear (through headphones).
Participants have to repeat one of these messages aloud as they hear it. The
shadowing technique is a form of dichotic listening which was first used by Cherry
(1953) when he studied the cocktail party effect.
Cherry (1953) introduced the method of shadowing one of two dichotic messages for
the study of attention in listening and found that subjects who shadowed a message
presented to one ear were ignorant of the content of a message simultaneously
presented to the other ear.
Aim
To test Cherry’s dichotic listening findings in relation to:
The amount of information recognised in the rejected message
The effect of hearing one’s own nae in the unattended message
The effect of instructions to identify a specific target in the rejected message
Participants
The participants were undergraduate students and research workers of both sexes.
The number of participants for experiment 1 was not recorded
The number of participants for experiment 2 was 12
The number of participants for experiment 3 was 28 (2 groups of 14)
Method and Design
All three experiments were laboratory experiments – they had independent
variables, dependent variables and high control.
The experimental design was different for each experiment
Experiment 1
IVs – the dichotic listening test, the recognition test
DV – the number of words recognised correctly in the rejected message
Design – repeated measures – participants took part in all test conditions
Experiment 2
IV – whether or not the instructions were prefixed by the participant’s own name
DV – the number of affective (personal) instructions
Design – repeated measures – participants took part in all test conditions
Experiment 3
IVs – whether digits were inserted into both messages or only one message, whether
participants had to answer the questions about the shadowed message at the end of
each passage or whether they had to remember all that they could.
DV – the number of digits correctly reported
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