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HCA 5161313 Exam Questions with correct Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HCA 5161313 Exam Questions with correct Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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HCA 5161313by applying knowledge of the infectious process and using appropriate personal protective
equipment.
Diseases such as HEP B and C, HIV/AIDS, TB, and multidrug resistant organisms require a
greater emphasis on infection prevention and control techniques. - ANS How do healthcare
workers protect themselves from coming into contact with infectious material, sharp injuries,
and/ or exposure to a communicable disease?
Infection acquired following admission to a HC facility NOT present prior to admission
-Nosocomial - ANS What is a HAI (Health Care Associated Infection)?
1. Extending hospital stays
2. Increased disability
3. Increased costs of antibiotics
4. Prolonged recovery times.
HAIs costs are often not reimbursed by Medicare/Medicaid. - ANS How do HAIs significantly
increase costs of health care?
ALL patients
ALL healthcare workers
NURSES have a higher occupational exposure than other HC professionals due to frequent
patient contact! - ANS WHO is susceptible to HAIs?
the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms resulting in disease. * Only
results if the pathogen multiplies and alters normal tissue function.
It is different from a colonization in which a colonization is the presence and growth of
microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage.
Some infectious diseases such as meningitis, and pneumonia have a low or no risk for
transmission. Although it may be serious for the patient they do not pose a risk to others
including caregivers. - ANS What is an infection?
an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another - ANS Communicable
disease
Symptomatic infection: if the pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms
,asymptomatic infection: if clinical signs and symptoms are not present. Ex. HEP C can be
asymptomatic, it is most efficiently transmitted through direct passage of blood into the skin from
a percutaneous exposure even if the source patient is asymptomatic. - ANS Difference between
symptomatic and asymptomatic infections
The presence of a pathogen does not mean that an infection will occur. Infection occurs in a
cycle that depends on the presence of all of the following elements:
•An infectious agent or pathogen
•A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
•A port of exit from the reservoir
•A mode of transmission
•A port of entry to a host
•A susceptible host
(Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, host.)
* an infection can develop if this chain remains uninterrupted. Preventing infections involves
breaking the chain of infection. - ANS The chain of infection
microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microorganisms on the skin are
either resident or transient flora.
Resident organisms ( normal flora): are permanent residents of the skin, where they survive,
and multiply without causing illness.
The potential for microorganisms to cause disease depends on the number of microorganism
present.
Resident skin microorganisms are not virulent. How they sometimes cause serious infection
when surgery or other invasive procedures allow them to enter deep tissues or when pt is
severely immunocompromised.
Transient organisms: attach to the skin when a person has contact w/ another person or object
during normal activities. EX: when you touch a contaminated gauze transient bacteria adhere to
your skin.
Preventative measure:These organisms can be readily transmitted unless removed using hand
hygiene. - ANS What is the infectious agent element of the chain of infection?
, How to prevent infection in the infectious agent element of the chain of infection.
the ability of microorgs to produce disease; ability to enter and survive in the host, and the
susceptibility of the host. - ANS virulence
A reservoir is a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a
susceptible host. Common reservoirs are humans and animals (hosts), insects, food, water, and
organic matter on inanimate surfaces (fomites). Frequent reservoirs for health care-associated
infections (HAIs) include health care workers, especially their hands; patients; equipment; and
the environment. Human reservoirs are divided into two types: those with acute or symptomatic
disease and those who show no signs of disease but are carriers of it. Humans can transmit
microorganisms in either case. Animals, food, water, insects, and inanimate objects can also be
reservoirs for infectious organisms. To thrive, organisms require a proper environment, including
appropriate food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH, and light - ANS What is the reservoir
element of the chain of infection?
Bacteria: MRSA, C. Diff, VRE, TB, Pseudomonas, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, clostridium tetani
Virus: HIV, Hepatitis A,B, C, or E, HPV, Ebola
Fungus: Tinea pedis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis
Parasite or Protozoa: Pneumocystis pneumonia, pediculosis, malaria, giardiasis - ANS
Common infectious agents
food: microorganisms require nourishment. Clostridium perfringens the microbes that cause
gangrene thrive on organic matter. E. coli consumes material such as soil.
Oxygen: Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause
disease. Aerobic organisms cause more infections in humans than anaerobic organisms. An
example of an aerobic organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Anaerobic bacteria thrive where little
or no free oxygen is available. Infections deep within the pleural cavity, in a joint, or in a deep
sinus tract are typically caused by anaerobes. An example of an anaerobic organism is
Clostridium difficile, an organism that causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea.
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