Exam (elaborations)
SOCI 3166 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATE (ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS)
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SOCI 3166 SOCIALDETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2024-2025
UPDATE (ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS)
SA: summarize the Roseto Effect
- in Roseto Pennsylvania in the 1970s, a working - class town of primarily
Italian-Americans were studied due to their low rates of heart disease
- findings showed that although their diets were rich in high fats, carbs, and
they smoked, their rates for heart aHacks compared to other areas of the USA
were low.
- Researchers shiKed their scope of focus towards "community features" and
found that their social life, support, and cohesion were very enriched
- several generaMons lived under one roof providing solidarity and greatly
lowering stress levels that are impacNul on health
- conclusions: social support and cohesion greatly decrease stress and limi risk
behaviours.
SA: What are the differences between coordinated and liberal market
economies
- Coordinated Market Economies: more highly regulated wages, more
standardized working condiMons and job-related benefits, flaHer health
gradient / healthier populaMons, and labor force is unionized to a high degree.
- Liberal Market economies: more flexible employment and less job security,
,shiK work, less government regulaMons, steeper health gradient / sicker
populaMon
SA: Discuss why incenMves should (or should not) be used for modifying
peoples health-related behaviours. Use an example
- incenMves are more enMcing for individuals to change harmful behaviours
than explaining the negaMves if they do not change. For example smoking: you
could develop cancer ... The incenMve could be breathing beHer, having beHer
mood, not wasMng hard earnings on a habit.
- people choose what is fair, even at personal costs. People do not always
operate in their own interests
- incenMves have an effect when people want to change their behaviour and
the incenMve is quite large. Offering a cash incenMve to stop drinking may
increase the likelihood that an individual may stop drinking.
SA: Using an example, explain what isostrain means and how it occurs
- Chronic strain and excessive demands that are not compensated by social
support contribute to isostrain, which is liked to metabolic syndrome
- example could be full Mme working, single mom of 3, managing house,
finances, child welfare, and her social cohesion.
- UlMmately the isostrain from high demands in work, home, and children, with
lack of social support leaves individual suscepMble to metabolic syndrome
- less educated people stress about financial issues, more educated people
stress about family maHers
SA: Describe the major features of neoliberalism
- those who benefit from neoliberalism are the rich as they conMnue to get
richer while the poor conMnue to become more poor.
- it favours reducMon in government spending on public services and wants to
replace them with for-profit companies
, - governments should minimize tax and regulatory burden on individuals and
corporaMons
- greatly promotes economic growth rather than equality
SA: What are the effects of marriage on health? What does the current
literature indicate?
- Historically marriage provides: emoMonal support (including life saMsfacMon
and personal growth), take fewer risks, eat beHer, and pracMce and support
each other to have beHer lifestyles.
- in the 1960s: Walter Grove found that men benefiHed more than women in
marriage
- in the 1970s / 80s: both men and women benefiHed equally
- current literature suggests that single individuals and childless women are
actually happier
SA: define social networks and social support. Using examples, explain the
differences between the two
- social support: refers to the quality of interacMons, and has been shown to
lower stress levels, raise self-esteem, facilitate cogniMve development,
encourage and support healthy behaviours, and decrease anxiety
- social networks: refers to the amount of interacMons, and can raise in size,
density, frequency, and level of reciprocaMon
- difference between the two: one relies on the quality and purpose of the
interacMon (social support "how much you are supported") other relies on the
amount you are interacMng and how oKen (social networks: how much you are
interconnected)
SA: what are the three levels of determinants of health?
1. Individual level: factors that are specific to an individual and can affect their
health, such as their geneMcs, behaviour, and lifestyle choices
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