Exam (elaborations)
COMPLETE TEST BANK: NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION BY BRIAN K. WALSH PHD LATEST UPDATE.
COMPLETE TEST BANK: NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION BY BRIAN K. WALSH PHD LATEST UPDATE.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Content preview
NeonatalandPediatric bbb RespiratoryCare5thEdition
b b b
Walsh Test Bank A+
bb bb bb bb
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank bb bb bb bb bb bb
MULTIPLE CHOICE bb
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D bb
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
vascular channels,or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
around the air passages.
bb bb bb bb
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
takes place from weeks29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that later become alveoli.
bb bb bb bb
During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
represented by the establishment of alveoli.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 3-5bb bb
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that will be present in the lungs for life develop?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. 6 months
bb
,b. 1 yearbb
c. 1.5 years bb
d. 2 years
bb
ANS: C bb
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the alveoli continueto increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: p. 6 bb bb
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
due to tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop?
bb
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A bb
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
phase (i.e., prematurely), severerespiratory distress can be expected because the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
infant respiratory distress syndrome.
bb bb bb bb
, REF: bb bb p. 6 bb
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
bb bb bb bb bb bb
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism bb bb
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall bb bb bb bb bb
III. Interference with fetal breathing bb bb bb
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
bb bb bb bb bb
a. I and III only
bb bb bb
b. II and III only
bb bb bb
c. I, II, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
d. II, III, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
ANS: D bb
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
explanations for reducedquantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
chest wall, interference with fetalbreathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
clinical and experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 6-7bb bb
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nursecare. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now