Exam (elaborations)
SPCE 689 Quiz 3 Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- SPCE 689
- Institution
- Ball State University
SPCE 689 Quiz 3 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
SPCE 689 Quiz 3 Questions And Answers Latest
Update
In all verbal behavior under stimulus control, there are three important
events to be taken into account: ANS✔✔ A stimulus, a response, and a
reinforcement
(page 81)
Two important types of controlling stimuli which are usually nonverbal:
ANS✔✔ -An audience (characteristically controls a large group of responses)
-The physical environment as a whole (the world of things and events which
a speaker is said to "talk about")
(page 81)
Tact ANS✔✔ This term carries a mnemonic suggestion of a behavior which
"makes contact with" the physical world.
Can be defined as a verbal operant in which a response of a given form is
evoked (or at least strengthened) by a particular object or event or property
of an object or event.
Stimulus control is emphasized by by generalizing the reinforcement.
*In the presence of the object or event, a response of this form is
characteristically reinforced in a given verbal community
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
(page 81)
The controlling relation of the tact ANS✔✔ The tact emerges as the most
important of verbal operants because of the unique control exerted by the
prior stimulus.
The tact permits the listener to infer something about the circumstances
regardless of the condition of the speaker (unlike the mand).
(page 83)
A "pure" or "objective" tact ANS✔✔ One which is established with a
completely generalized reinforcement.
*a truly generalized reinforcement is rare, and pure objectivity in this sense
is probably never achieved.
(page 83)
Reinforcement of the tact ANS✔✔ -It is reinforced when some generalized
reinforcement (ex. "right!" is made contingent upon a response that bears
an appropriate relation to a current stimulus.
-Educational reinforcement: reinforcement supplied primarily because it
establishes and maintains a particular form of behavior in the speaker.
-There are many automatic reinforcements from the effect of the behavior
upon the speaker himself. (Ex. By correctly classifying an object the speaker
may react more appropriately to it.)
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
(page 84)
The relative frequency with which the listener engages in effective action in
responding to behavior in the form of a tact will depend upon... ANS✔✔ -The
extent and accuracy of the stimulus control in the behavior of the speaker.
-Whether the response has been a tact or is merely echoic, textual, or
intraverbal.
*frequency of effective action accounts for what we may call the listener's
"belief"--the probability that he will take effective action with respect to a
particular verbal stimulus.
(page 88)
Extended tacts ANS✔✔ When novel stimulus may resemble a stimulus
previously present when a response was reinforced.
There are several types:
-Generic Extension
-Metaphorical Extension
-Metonymical Extension
-Solecistic Extension
(page 91)
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