Exam (elaborations)
ADC EXAM 1 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
- Course
- Institution
ADC EXAM 1 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
[Show more]
Content preview
ADC EXAM 1 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATESOLUTIONS
A wife refers her husband for substance abuse counseling. His drug of
choice is cocaine, which he has been using episodically with friends at a
poker game—biweekly to weekly—for some years. She is disturbed at
the illicit nature of the drug and the long-standing use. He states that
though he recreationally uses, he doesn't crave cocaine, doesn't seek it
out but rather uses with friends at the game who bring it. He feels that
other than his wife being upset, he has no other social or occupational
issues. Given the information provided, how is his use of cocaine BEST
described?
a. Substance abuse
b. Cocaine intoxication
c. Cocaine use disorder
d. None of the above - Answer ✔✔D: None of the above. The DSM lists
a set of eleven symptoms, 2 or more of which must have occurred at any
time during the past 12 months for a diagnosis of substance use disorder.
1) Tolerance, defined as either the need for larger and larger amounts of
the drug in question over time to achieve the desired result, or a decrease
in the effect of the drug with continued use of the same amount 2)
Withdrawal, defined by either the known withdrawal symptoms for a
particular drug, or by the fact that the drug, or a similar drug, is taken to
avoid withdrawal symptoms 3) An increase in the amount of the drug
taken, or the continued use of the drug past the intended time 4) An
inability to control usage 5) A large amount of time and effort devoted to
obtaining the drug in question, using the drug in question, or recovering
from its effects 6) The giving up of important activities in order to obtain
,or use the drug in question, or recover from its effects 7) The continued
use of the drug in question regardless of the ill effects it has caused. 8)
Craving 9) Recurrent drug use which leads to inability to fulful major
role 10) Recurrent drug use though it is physically harmful 11)
Recurrent drug use despite it leading to continued social problems. He
does not meet the criteria for current intoxication either. Recreational
use commonly occurs biweekly or weekly, and the use is typically for
reasons of sociality. Substance abuse counseling is therefore not
indicated. However, counseling regarding the potential for life
circumstances, stressors, or other unexpected losses or burdens to
precipitate a future substance abuse problem should be discussed.
What does the experienced effect of a drug depend upon?
a. The amount taken and past drug experiences
b. The modality of administration
c. Poly drug use, setting, and circumstance
d. All of the above - Answer ✔✔D: All of the above. The amount of a
drug ingested will typically affect the user's experience, with higher
doses often producing a greater effect (though potentially diminishing
over time as tolerance develops). The modality of administration can
greatly influence the rate of the drug's uptake into the system. Normally
the rate of effect, from greatest to least, is: inhalation (snorting or
smoking), injection (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous), and
ingestion (sublingual or swallowing with or without food). Generally,
the faster the systemic uptake, the shorter and more intense the high
experienced. Polydrug abuse greatly complicates the drug experience,
particularly if the drugs used are chemical antagonists (e.g., stimulants
and depressants—such as meth and alcohol), additive (producing a
cumulative effect), synergistic (more than cumulative), or potentiating
(each enhancing each other). The setting in which the substance use
,occurs is also often a significant contributor to the experience. The
feelings engendered by the surroundings, the people with whom the
experience is shared, the attitudes and reactions of others involved, as
well as personal past drug experiences and individual biology all
combine to produce a drug experience.
How is drug tolerance BEST described?
a. The inability to get intoxicated
b. The need for more of a drug to get intoxicated
c. Increased sensitivity to a drug over time
d. Decreased sensitivity to a drug over time - Answer ✔✔D: Decreased
sensitivity to a drug over time. When a drug is used regularly, the body
is gradually able to adapt to the effects of the drug. Evidence of
tolerance is twofold: (1) greater doses of the drug are required to achieve
previous effects, and (2) doses that would have produced profound
physiological compromise or even death are now readily tolerated
without untoward effects. In some cases, it has been noted that up to ten
times a lethal dosage, or even more, may be taken without any signs of
significant physiological compromise. Tolerance develops as the body
seeks homeostasis, or a functional state of equilibrium, in spite of the
presence of the drug.
Which of the following is NOT a "drug cue"?
a. A prior drug-use setting
b. Drug use paraphernalia
c. Seeing others use drugs
, d. Drug avoidance strategies - Answer ✔✔D: Drug avoidance strategies.
Intense drug euphoria produces extremely intense, emotionally
imprinted memory engrams, coupled with long-term changes in the
amygdala area of the brain, which operate outside of conscious control.
Key euphoric memories become integrally connected to sights, sounds,
smells, people, and places previously associated with drug use. The
reappearance of any of these past drug cues will often effectively trigger
intense, amygdala-driven cravings for a drug. Cravings are further
intensified by lingering imbalances in brain metabolism patterns,
receptor availability, hormone levels, and other hypothalamus and
pituitary-mediated sensations of dysphoria and distress. The cascading
nature of these effects frequently induces a drug-use relapse.
What happens as tolerance for barbiturates develops?
a. The margin between intoxication and lethality increases.
b. The margin between intoxication and lethality decreases.
c. The margin between intoxication and lethality stays the same.
d. Tolerance does not develop for barbiturates. - Answer ✔✔C: The
margin between intoxication and lethality stays the same. While
tolerance for barbiturates does develop, tolerance for an otherwise lethal
dose only marginally increases and never exceeds twofold. This means
that the likelihood of an unintentional fatal dose increases substantially
over time as the need for the intoxicating effect pushes that threshold
ever closer to a lethal dose. Given the impairments in memory and
judgment that typically accompany CNS depressant intoxication, simple
forgetfulness can lead to a fatal overdose. Finally, using barbiturates
with any other CNS depressant substance, such as alcohol, can result in
an additive CNS depression that can readily be fatal. Death most often
occurs via respiratory or cardiac suppression.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YANCHY. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now