Exam (elaborations)
Statistics 101 Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- STAT 101
- Institution
- University Of Pennsylvania
Statistics 101 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
Statistics 101 Questions And Answers Latest
Update
Design ANS✔✔ Stating the goal and/or statistical question of interest and
planning how to obtain data that will address them
Description ANS✔✔ Summarizing and analyzing the data that are obtained
Inference ANS✔✔ Making decisions and predictions based on the data for
answering statistical questions
Variable ANS✔✔ The characteristic of being measured; any characteristic
observed in a study (parts of the study that are being studied)
Population ANS✔✔ Set of all of the subjects of interest
Sample ANS✔✔ The subset of the population for whom we will collect data
Descriptive Statistics ANS✔✔ Methods for summarizing collected data
Inferential Statistics ANS✔✔ Methods of making decisions or predictions
about a population based on data obtained from a sample of that
population; make predictions and draw conclusions
Sample Statistics ANS✔✔ Percentage of a sample for a specific variable
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Parameter ANS✔✔ Numerical summary of the population
Statistic ANS✔✔ A numerical summary of a sample taken from the
population
Statistically Significant ANS✔✔ When the difference between results is so
large that it'd be odd to see such a difference by ordinary random variation
Categorical ANS✔✔ A variable on which each observation belongs to one of
a set of distinct categories
Quantitative ANS✔✔ A variable on which observations take numerical
values that represent different magnitudes of the variable
Quantitative Variables Key Features ANS✔✔ 1) Center, 2) Variability
(spread) of the data
Categorical Variables Key Features ANS✔✔ Relative number of observations
in various categories
Discrete ANS✔✔ A quantitative variable whose possible values for a set of
separate numbers; " the number of..."; anything with a finite number of
possible values
Continuous ANS✔✔ A quantitative variable whose values form an interval;
variables that have an infinite continuum of possible values
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Distribution of a Variable ANS✔✔ Describes how the observations fall (are
distributed) across the range of possible values. For a categorical variable,
the possible values are the different categories: simply shows all possible
categories and the number (or proportion) of observations falling into each
category. For a quantitative variable, the entire range of possible values is
split up into separate intervals and the number (or proportion) of
observations falling in each interval.
Modal Category ANS✔✔ Category with the largest frequency
Quantitative Variable Characteristics ANS✔✔ Shape, center, variability
Frequency Table ANS✔✔ A listing of possible values for a variable, together
with the number of observations for each value
Proportion of Observations ANS✔✔ The number of observations in that
category divided by the total number of observations
Percentage ANS✔✔ The proportion multiplied by 100
Relative Frequencies ANS✔✔ Proportions and percentages
Pareto Chart ANS✔✔ A bar graph with categories ordered by their frequency
Pareto Principle ANS✔✔ The principle that states that a small subset of
observations often contain most of the observations
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