BMB 401 Exam 1 Penn State All Possible Questions and Answers 2025
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Course
BMB 401
Institution
BMB 401
What determines the 3-D structure of biological molecules and why is it important for
function? - ️️Polymers of molecules are able to take on much more complex
structures than individual monomers. This structure is determined by the individual parts
(functional groups), the type of bond (cov...
BMB 401 Exam 1 Penn State
What determines the 3-D structure of biological molecules and why is it important for
function? - ✔️✔️Polymers of molecules are able to take on much more complex
structures than individual monomers. This structure is determined by the individual parts
(functional groups), the type of bond (covalent and noncovalent), and the physical
arrangement (structure and stereoisomers)
Free energy - ✔️✔️Potential or energy capacity of a molecule (G)
Equation for thermodynamics - ✔️✔️G=H-TS
Delta G of a reaction: Change in free energy from beginning to end - ✔️✔️Delta G =
Delta H - T Delta S
Delta H: enthalpy (related to the kinds and numbers of chemical bonds and noncovalent
interactions broken and formed)
Delta S: Entropy (measures the dispersal of energy; how much energy is spread out in
a process, or how widely spread out it becomes - at a specific temperature)
Enthalpy - Endothermic vs Exothermic - ✔️✔️Endothermic: H = H(final) - H(initial)>0
Exothermic: H = H(final) - H(initial)<0
Enthalpic and entropic contributions to Delta G - ✔️✔️Think about what is means to be
entropically favored versus enthalpically favored. Also now the difference between
endothermic and endergonic (and exothermic/exergonic)
Endergonic - ✔️✔️Requires energy input (+ Delta G)
Exergonic - ✔️✔️Releases energy (- Delta G)
Keq and Delta G prime - ✔️✔️If Keq is >1, then Delta G prime will be NEGATIVE
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