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NURS 807 Exam 1 Questions And Answers (A+ Graded)
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NURS 807 Exam 1 Questions And Answers (A+Graded)
Pathology-definition: study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and
organs of the body that cause or are caused by disease
Physiology-definition: study of the functions of the human body
Pathophysiology-definition: cellular and organ changes that occur with disease and the
effects on function
etiology-definition: the cause of something
what is the initiation of most diseases - Answer cellular injury
physical forces that cause injury - Answer mechanical forces ex) ankle sprain
extremes of temperature ex) necrosis
electrical forces ex) cardiac (internal) external -> electricity
radiation injury - Answer ionizing radiation : chernobyl, nuclear, kind when have cancer
non-ionizing radiation : microwaves, radiowaves, cellular
ultraviolet radiation : sunscreen
UV B vs UV A - Answer UV A -> most damage and cause tan
UV B -> gets through skin and cause changes
,hypoxia - Answer lack of adequate oxygen to the cells
mechanisms of cellular injury - Answer free radicals : cause direct cellular injury
hypoxic cell injury : not enough oxygen
impaired calcium homeostasis : tumor -> center could be Ca
disruption of the cellular membranes : reversible injury
irreversible injury
apoptosis
programmed cell death
necrosis
reversible injury - Answer body that can heal itself
irreparable injury - Answer program cell death, necrosis, apoptosis
idiopathic - Answer unknown etiology (cause)
iatrogenic - Answer disease arose as a result of prescribed treatment
common in pharmacology (risk versus benefit)
nosocomial / healthcare associated - Answer acquired from a healthcare setting ex)
MRSA, C-diff
risk factors: genetic predisposition and environmental triggers - Answer factors that
predispose an individual to a particular disease
majority of diseases are multifactorial in origin
risk factors-congenital Answer present at birth
,acquired conditions risk factors-Answer injury
exposure to infectious agents ex) covid
inadequate nutrition ex) vitamins and minerals to support system
lack of oxygen ex) child with asthma -> life expectancy less
inappropriate immune response ex) celiac, lactose intolerant
neoplasia ex) cancer, history of cancer, multifactorial, treatment could lead to
secondary cancer
general risk factors-Answer extremes of age
gender
genetic disposition
stress
lifestyle and personal habits
occupation pre-existing illness
environmental exposure
pathogenesis-Answer origin or development of the disease/ why a disease starts
sequence of events leading to the expression of disease
structural abnormalities in pathogenesis-Answer exogenous: external, outside of body
endogenous: internal, ex) appendix
functional abnormalities in pathogenesis-Answer no identifiable cellular change that
results in tissue abnormalities ex) appendix is functional issue
manifestation-Answer to present or show itself
signs and symptoms- Answer signs: objective findings collected during an examination
symptoms: subjective findings collected during the H&P
, diagnosis and classification types- Answer acute
disease of sudden onset which runs a severe but short course
subacute
intermediate nature: related to acute
chronic
a long term or recurring illness: asthma, diabetes type I
acute-on-chronic
unexpected acute exacerbation or episode of a chronic condition ex) COPD patient with
a new pneumonia
why isnt diabetes type II considered chronic - Answer can change lifestyle to make it go
away
examples of signs - Answer vitals: HR, temp, BP, a number of some kind with a unit
attached
pain scale : objective # to something subjective
examples of symptoms - Answer sore throat, headache, nausea
preventative care - Answer health promotion
developmental and maturational issues
normal childbearing
hygiene
nutrition
exercise
mental health
spiritual health
illness prevention
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