TEST BANK FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING:
Promoting the Health of Populations; 8TH EDITION BY MARY &
MELANIE
,CH 01: Health: A Community View
Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 8TH Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the primary care system.
c. Our national primary care costs keep increasing.
d. The new primary care system offers free services to Americans.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-C
HYPOTHESIS:>>>The primary reason for the focus on primary care is the constantly
increasing costs, which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the
majority of escalating primary care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic
product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’
perceptions about healthcare; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are
concerned. The new healthcare system will change the primary care access and availability,
but will not necessarily be offering any free services to Americans.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
2. A nursing attendant has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the primary care
system. Why is thisinvolvement important?
a. Nursing attendants, as central characters in several popular TV series, are
N R med i a. I
currently veryvisible in American
b. Nursing attendants are primarily respo nUsi bS
l e foNr mTa nag in gOt he various units in our health care
system.
c. Nursing attendants are the largest segment of primary care providers.
d. Nursing attendants are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of health centers.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-C
HYPOTHESIS:>>>As the largest segment of primary care providers, nursing attendants are
informed about the current primary care system and all the problems that result from people
not seeking care until they are desperately ill. Nursing attendants, as the American Nursing
attendants Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that primary care is a right, not a
privilege. Therefore, nursing attendants, whose work is central toour current primary care
delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to create a primary care
delivery system that will meet health needs. While nursing attendants are in several current
TV series and are employed both inside and outside of health centers, physicians and
otherprimary care providers are as well.
Nursing attendants are often managers, but managers often have other backgrounds, such as business
administration.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nursing attendants are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of primary care into large central
medical centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease primary care costs by cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nursing attendants to improve customer
, relations.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-B
HYPOTHESIS:>>>MCOs are employing nursing attendants in many capacities. Although
health centers are closing and acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the
same trend may be seen in an increase in neighborhood-based practice centers. While
positions are cut in most industries, primary care isrecognized as an area where growth in
employment is expected. However, nursing attendants are increasingly employed in
community settings as opposed to health centers. This change reflects themove toward
community-based care rather than health center-based tertiary care. To help decreasethe
continued rise in primary care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather
than high-cost treatment.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current primary care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-C
HYPOTHESIS:>>>Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the
environment safe andin egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and
seeking of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system
to protect and preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and
freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring
social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy
lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of
alcohol or drugs, is also needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and
vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
environmental changes needed for well-being.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-D
HYPOTHESIS:>>>Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis
on personal choicesin the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices
ignores the need for community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or
cultural restraints to health.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
6. What responsibility does the American Nursing attendants Association (ANA) Code
of Ethics require ofthe nursing attendant beyond giving excellent care to victims?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
, to hospital clients.
b. Recognize the need for experienced nursing attendants to mentor new
graduates to helpincrease and expand the number of professionals
available.
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-C
HYPOTHESIS:>>>The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislationto positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The
code does not directly address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for
overtime.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or
wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in
meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
ACCURATE CHOICE:-D
HYPOTHESIS:>>>The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices,
but choices andactions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better
health.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
8. How does community health nity?
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern
ACCURATE CHOICE:-B
HYPOTHESIS:>>>Community health nursing attendants work with both geopolitical
groups (within specific geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a
common identity based on culture, history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group
may or may not have been a plannedgroup—that is, a group that came together to resolve a
recognized common problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group
of persons who share a common identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which
implies a specific geographic setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.
DIFFICULT: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of primary care providers and health centers in the community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
ACCURATE CHOICE:-A
