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Exam (elaborations) OAT Chemistry exam review questions with 100% correct answers (graded A+)
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OAT-CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAMREVIEW
Accuracy - a measurement giving the actual value for the sample with limited deviation
Precision - repeatability of a set of measurements on the same sample
Test tubes - Good for small/large quantity of samples
Round bottom flask - used for reaction, heating or vacuum
Retort - round vacuum flask used for distillation
Buret - Good for titrations, delivers liquid slowly
Volumetric pipet - Delivers a single established volume of liquid with accuracy and
precision
Protons - equal to the atomic number (Z) of an atom
Neutrons - have the same number as protons
Electrons - equal to the atomic number, + charge means loss of electrons and - charge
means gaining electrons
Mass number (A) - Protons + neutrons
Isotopes - Multiple atoms with the same number of protons but different number of
neutrons ( different mass number)
Bohrs model of hydrogen - E(energy value)=-Ry/n^2 (Ry=constant, n=quantum number)
angular momentum - L=mvr
, Kinetic energy - mv^2/2
Electromagnetic energy of a photon equation - E=hc/lambda (wavelength)
Pauli exclusion principle - No two electrons in a given atom can posses the same set of
four quantum numbers (cannot have parallel spins)
Aufbau principle - subshells are filled from lowest to highest energy and each subshell
will fill completely before the next one
Hund's Rule - within a given subshell, orbitals are filled such that there are a maximum
number of half filled orbitals with parallel spins
quantum numbers - n= size of the shell, equation for how many electrons can be held is
2n^2, equation for maximum number is 4L+2
L= shape (s=0,p=1,d=2,f=3)
mL= orientation (s=1, p=3, d=5, f=7)
Ms= spin (+1/2, -1/2)
angular momentum calculated by - range of 0 to n-1=L
Periods on the periodic table - (rows) There are seven periods representing the principal
quantum numbers N=1 to N=7
Groups on the periodic table - (columns) Represent elements that have the same
electron configuration in their outermost shell
increasing electron neg.
Increasing ionization energy
Decreasing atomic radius - From left to right and up
Alkali metals - The first column on the table.
Hallogens - Send to last column (Cl, Br, F)
Noble gases - last column also called group 0. They are non reactive because they
have a complete valence shell (8).
Representative elements - The outside columns of the table, will fill s and p orbitals
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