NBCE - PART 2 – PRINCIPLES
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
cord compression AKA compressive myelopathy - Answer-severe subluxation and
ligament laxity c1-c2 causes it, dentate traction causes direct mechanical irriation to
cord, lateral translation can irritate cord, especially during distraction
cord traction - Answer-adjust this with SOT, restores CSF flow: sphenobasilar top,
sacral bottom
vertebral artery insufficiency - Answer-cervical rotation causes nausea numbness
nystagmus
dural torque AKA dentate cord distortion - Answer-Grostic found this theory-dentate
ligament get rotational stress, made of pia mater
pia,dura - Answer-dentate ligament attaches from ______ to _______
intervertebral encroachment theory - Answer-IVF encroaches DRG then releases
substance P, then destroys disc
DRG - Answer-most sensitvie neurological structure to compression
substance P, VIP - Answer-what does DRG release that is very acidic and causes disc
degeneration
middle of IVF - Answer-location of DRG in cervicals
medial part of IVF - Answer-location of DRG in lumbars and thoracics
1/3 - Answer-how much of IVF do transforaminal ligaments fill
1-4 - Answer-how many transforaminal ligaments at each level?
inhibits,increases - Answer-Substance P _____ pain in CNS, _______ pain in PNS
no - Answer-is DRG always in the IVF
10 - Answer-how many mm of Hg alters DRG output?
, muscle,tendon - Answer-active pain
ligament, joint-sclerotogenous - Answer-passive pain
bursal irritation, facet tenderness - Answer-pin point pain
visceral irritation - Answer-deep, boring pain
causalgia (RSDS) - Answer-burning pain
radiating - Answer-pain along a nerve
nerve root - Answer-radiculo
peripheral nerve - Answer-neuro
bouts of pain - Answer-algia
constant pain - Answer-itis
sensory - Answer-is sensory or motor affected first on nerve injuries
vascular, edema, facilitation - Answer-what can acute nerve compression cause
chronic nerve compression - Answer-this can cause axoplasmic transport aberration,
diminished nerve transmission, wallerian degeneration, local tissue death
neuropraxia - Answer-mildest form of nerve injury caused by trauma, due to
compression or ischemia, burner or stinger in athletes, minimal demyelinization
axonotmesis - Answer-severe crush or contusion of nerve, nerve fiber damaged,
motor/sensory loss, wallerian degen, slow recovery
neurotmesis - Answer-nerve damage due to contusion, stretch, laceraion- complete
disorganization, motor, sensory, ANS loss, require surgery
traumatic neuroma - Answer-transection of nerve causing multiple synapse recovery
trauma pain amplifiers - Answer-substance P, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes
chemical pain amplifiers - Answer-lactic acid, potassium iodides, histmine,
glycosaminoglycans, prostaglandin
wide dynamic receiver (WDR) - Answer-chronic instability resulting in
mechanoreceptors morphing into nociceptors
