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HESI PEDIATRICS Questions with Answers and Rationales.
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HESI PEDIATRICS Questions with Answers and Rationales.
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HESI PEDIATRICS Questions with Answers and Rationales.When inserting a nasogastric tube into the stomach of a 3-month-old infant, which
nursing intervention is most important to implement?
A.Use a blanket as a mummy restraint.
B.Monitor the infant's heart rate.
C.Lubricate the catheter with saline.
D.Explain the procedure to the parents. - ANS: B
When inserting a nasogastric tube into the stomach of a 3-month-old infant, which
nursing intervention is most important to implement?Rationale:
All interventions may be implemented during nasogastric tube insertion, but the most
important nursing action is to monitor the infant's heart rate (B), which may decrease
because of vagal nerve stimulation and can occur when the tube is inserted. (A, C, and
D) are of lower priority than (B).
A burned child is brought to the emergency department, and the nurse uses a modified
rule of nines to estimate the percentage of the body burned. When calculating the
percentage of burn, which parts of the child's body is proportionally larger than an
adult's?
A.Head and neck
B.Arms and chest
C.Legs and abdomen
D.Back and abdomen - ANS: A
The standard rule of nines is inaccurate for determining burned body surface areas with
children because a child's head and neck are proportionately larger than an adult's (A).
Specially designed charts are commonly used to measure the percentage of burn in
children. (B, C, and D) are not proportionately different.
A 4-year-old child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development is the nurse addressing when teaching inhalation therapy?
A.Autonomy
,B.Industry
C.Trust
D.Initiative - ANS: D
Children 4 to 5 years of age are in the "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage of Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development (D). They enjoy being active and participating in role playing.
"Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" occurs at 1 to 3 years of age (A). "Industry vs.
Inferiority" occurs at 6 to 11 years (B); "Trust vs. Mistrust" (C) occurs from birth to 1 year
of age.
The nurse is examining a male child experiencing an exacerbation of juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and notes that his mobility is greatly reduced. What is the
most likely cause of the child's impaired mobility?
A.Pathologic fractures
B.Poor alignment of joints
C.Dyspnea on exertion
D.Joint inflammation - ANS: D
Joint inflammation and pain are the typical manifestations of an exacerbation of JRA
(D). (A, B, and C) are not specifically related to JRA.
A 7-month-old infant with a rotavirus causing severe diarrhea is admitted for treatment.
Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A.Obtain a scale to weigh the infant's diapers.
B.Instruct the mother to offer Pedialyte regularly.
C.Insert an intravenous (IV) line and begin IV fluids.
D.Obtain a stool specimen for analysis. - ANS: C
An infant with severe diarrhea is at high risk for dehydration, so the nurse's priority is to
initiate IV fluids (C) to rehydrate the infant. (A, B, and D) can then be implemented as
needed.
The nurse admits a child to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acquired aplastic
anemia. What is the most common cause of this type of anemia?
A.Bacterial infections
, B.A diet deficient in iron
C.Heart-lung congenital defects
D.Exposure to certain drugs - ANS: D
Aplastic anemia often follows exposure to certain drugs (D) such as chloramphenicol,
sulfonamides, and phenylbutazone (Butazolidin), insecticides such as DDT, and
chemicals, especially, benzene. (A and C) are not related to the development of
anemia. (B) is related to iron deficiency anemia.
A 7-month-old male infant diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy is seen by the nurse in
the clinic. Which statement by the parent warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
A."My son often chokes while I am feeding him."
B."Is it normal for my child's legs to cross each other?"
C."He gets stiff when I pull him up to a sitting position."
D."My 4-year-old son is jealous of his little brother." - ANS: A
Airway obstruction (A) is always a priority when caring for any client. (B and C) are
characteristics of spastic cerebral palsy and may involve one or both sides. These
children have difficulty with fine motor skills, and attempts at motion increase abnormal
postures. (D) is an expected behavior and may need to be addressed, but it is not a
priority over choking.
The nurse is preparing a child with an intussusception for a prescribed barium enema.
What is the main purpose of conducting this procedure prior to surgical intervention?
A.Evacuate the bowel of impacted feces.
B.Reduce the invaginated bowel segment.
C.Locate the presence of diverticula.
D.Identify the area of esophageal atresia. - ANS: B
Intussusception, an invagination or telescoping of one portion of the intestine into
another, causes intestinal obstruction in children (usually occurs between 3 months and
5 years of age). Nonsurgical treatment is attempted with hydrostatic pressure created
by barium instillation, which often reduces the area of bowel intussusception (B),
thereby negating the need for surgical intervention. A barium enema is likely to cause
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