All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
ex. digestive processes
Catabolism
phase of metabolism, the breakdown of complex chemical substances into
simpler components
Anabolism
the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler
components
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even
tiny structures inside cells
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing
cells, an increase in the number of cells or both
Differentiation
The development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
Precursor cells that can divide and give rise to cells that undergo
differentiation are known as stem cells
Reproduction
Refers to either the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or
replacement or the production of a new individual
positive feedback
tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled
conditions
ex. child birth
negative feedback
reverses a change in a controlled condition
ex. increase in blood pressure
Receptors
body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends
input to a control center
afferent pathway
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
ex. nerve ending that can detect changes like temperature
control center
processes the signal and sends instructions
efferent pathway
Ex. the brain sets the narrow range or a set point within which a control
condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from the
receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed
Effectors
A body structure that receives output from the control center and produces
a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
ex. Ex. When your body temperature drops sharply, your brain (control
center) sends nerve impulses (output) to your skeletal muscles (effectors).
cranial cavity
formed by cranial bones and contains brain
vertebral cavity
formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of
spinal nerves
thoracic cavity
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Schoolflix. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.